Department of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Department of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Co Westmeath, Ireland.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019 Oct;93:531-541. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.079. Epub 2019 Jul 29.
Aquaculture is one of the world's most important and fastest growing food production sectors, with an average annual growth of 5.8% during the period 2001-2016. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the main aquatic species produced for human consumption and is the world's third most produced finfish. Koi carp, on the other hand, are grown as a popular ornamental fish. In the late 1990s, both of these sectors were threatened by the emergence of a deadly disease caused by cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3; initially called koi herpesvirus or KHV). Since then, several research groups have focused their work on developing methods to fight this disease. Despite increasing knowledge about the pathobiology of this virus, there are currently no efficient and cost-effective therapeutic methods available to fight this disease. Facing the lack of efficient treatments, safe and efficacious prophylactic methods such as the use of vaccines represent the most promising approach to the control of this virus. The common carp production sector is not a heavily industrialized production sector and the fish produced have low individual value. Therefore, development of vaccine methods adapted to mass vaccination are more suitable. Multiple vaccine candidates against CyHV-3 have been developed and studied, including DNA, bacterial vector, inactivated, conventional attenuated and recombinant attenuated vaccines. However, there is currently only one vaccine commercially available in limited regions. The present review aims to summarize and evaluate the knowledge acquired from the study of these vaccines against CyHV-3 and provide discussion on future prospects.
水产养殖是世界上最重要和发展最快的食品生产部门之一，2001 年至 2016 年期间的年平均增长率为 5.8%。鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）是主要的水产养殖物种之一，用于人类消费，是世界上第三大养殖鱼类。另一方面，锦鲤则作为一种受欢迎的观赏鱼养殖。上世纪 90 年代末，这两个行业都受到一种由鲤疱疹病毒 3（CyHV-3；最初称为锦鲤疱疹病毒或 KHV）引起的致命疾病的威胁。从那时起，几个研究小组就专注于开发对抗这种疾病的方法。尽管人们对这种病毒的病理生物学有了更多的了解，但目前尚无有效的、具有成本效益的治疗方法来对抗这种疾病。面对缺乏有效的治疗方法，安全有效的预防方法，如使用疫苗，是控制这种病毒的最有希望的方法。鲤鱼养殖部门不是一个高度工业化的生产部门，所生产的鱼类个体价值较低。因此，开发适用于大规模接种的疫苗方法更为合适。已经开发和研究了多种针对 CyHV-3 的疫苗候选物，包括 DNA、细菌载体、灭活、常规减毒和重组减毒疫苗。然而，目前只有一种疫苗在有限的地区商业化。本综述旨在总结和评估针对 CyHV-3 的这些疫苗的研究成果，并对未来的前景进行讨论。
