Physical Activity, Physical Education, Sport and Health Research Centre (PAPESH), Sports Science Department, School of Social Sciences, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
Psychology Department, School of Social Sciences, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jul 31;16(15):2728. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152728.
The aim of this study was to analyse body image concerns and symptoms of eating disorders in elite Icelandic athletes according to their sex, and sport practiced. The participants were 755 athletes (24.8 ± 3.5 years in age) who compete at the highest possible level in Iceland. Representing 20 different sports, they were divided into five sports groups. Three questionnaires were used: the Body Shape Questionnaire to assess body image concerns; the Bulimia Test-Revised to assess the main symptoms of bulimia; and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire to identify disordered eating attitudes and behaviours. A chi-squared test was used to analyse differences in prevalence of body image concern and eating disorders, a t-test for the differences between men and women, and a one-way ANOVA to compare the different sports. The main findings were that 17.9% of the athletes presented severe or moderate body image dissatisfaction, and 18.2% (25.3% of the women) were above the clinical cutoff for body image concern. Women's scores were higher than men's (whole sample and ball games) in all variables except restraint. These results seem to point to the existence of a real problem that athlete, coaches, doctors, and institutions need to take into account.
本研究旨在根据冰岛精英运动员的性别和所从事的运动项目分析其对身体形象的关注和饮食失调症状。研究对象为 755 名运动员（年龄为 24.8±3.5 岁），他们在冰岛的最高水平上进行比赛。这些运动员代表了 20 种不同的运动项目，被分为五个运动项目组。使用了三种问卷：身体形态问卷评估身体形象关注；修订后的贪食症测试评估贪食症的主要症状；以及饮食失调检查问卷识别饮食失调的态度和行为。卡方检验用于分析身体形象关注和饮食失调的患病率差异，t 检验用于比较男女之间的差异，单因素方差分析用于比较不同的运动项目。主要发现是，17.9%的运动员存在严重或中度的身体形象不满，18.2%（女性的 25.3%）的身体形象关注得分高于临床临界值。除了节制之外，女性在所有变量上的得分都高于男性（整个样本和球类运动）。这些结果似乎表明存在一个实际问题，运动员、教练、医生和机构需要考虑到这一点。
