University College London, London, United Kingdom.
University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2020 May 14;15(5):e0232979. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232979. eCollection 2020.
This project examined risk factors of disordered eating in athletes by adapting and applying a theoretical model. It tested a previously proposed theoretical model and explored the utility of a newly formed model within an athletic population across gender, age, and sport type to explain disordered eating.
The design was cross-sectional and the first phase in a series of longitudinal studies.
1,017 athletes completed online questionnaires related to social pressures, internalisation, body dissatisfaction, negative affect, restriction, and bulimia. Structural equation modelling was employed to analyse the fit of the measurement and structural models and to do invariance testing.
The original theoretical model failed to achieve acceptable goodness of fit (χ2 [70, 1017] = 1043.07; p < .0001. CFI = .55; GFI = .88; NFI = .53; RMSEA = .12 [90% CI = .111-.123]). Removal of non-significant pathways and addition of social media resulted in the model achieving a parsimonious goodness of fit (χ2 [19, 1017] = 77.58; p < .0001. CFI = .96; GFI = .98; NFI = .95; RMSEA = .055 [90% CI = .043-.068]). Invariance tests revealed that the newly revised model differed across gender, age, level, competition status, and length of sport participation.
This study showed that the formation of disordered eating symptomology might not be associated with sport pressures experienced by athletes. It revealed that disordered eating development varies across gender, competition level, sport type, and age, which must be considered to prevent and treat disordered eating in athletes.
本研究通过改编和应用理论模型，考察了运动员饮食失调的风险因素。它检验了一个先前提出的理论模型，并探索了一个新形成的模型在跨性别、年龄和运动类型的运动员群体中的效用，以解释饮食失调。
该设计为横断面设计，是一系列纵向研究的第一阶段。
1017 名运动员完成了与社会压力、内化、身体不满、负性情绪、限制和暴食有关的在线问卷。结构方程模型被用来分析测量和结构模型的拟合度，并进行不变性测试。
原始的理论模型未能达到可接受的拟合优度（χ2 [70,1017] = 1043.07；p <.0001.CFI =.55；GFI =.88；NFI =.53；RMSEA =.12 [90% CI =.111-.123]）。去除非显著路径并添加社交媒体后，模型达到了简约的拟合优度（χ2 [19,1017] = 77.58；p <.0001.CFI =.96；GFI =.98；NFI =.95；RMSEA =.055 [90% CI =.043-.068]）。不变性测试表明，新修订的模型在性别、年龄、水平、竞争状态和运动参与时间上存在差异。
本研究表明，运动员所经历的运动压力与饮食失调症状的形成可能没有关联。它揭示了饮食失调的发展在性别、竞争水平、运动类型和年龄上存在差异，这在预防和治疗运动员的饮食失调时必须考虑到。
