College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 14;18(20):10813. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182010813.
Rapid urbanization of China has brought lifestyle changes resulting in a continuous decline in children's physical fitness (PF) and out-of-school physical activity (PA). To date, studies have been focused on correlates of PF and out-of-school PA, and patterns and trends based on geographic diversity and urban-rural contrasts. Western China, with a large rural population, has substantial urban-rural differences, but little work has been done to compare its children's physical fitness (PF) and out-of-school physical activity (PA) at a county level. A total of 715 primary school students (grades 3-6) were surveyed from one urban school ( = 438) and four rural schools ( = 277) in a county-level administrative unit, Yangling District, Shaanxi, in western China. Physical fitness index (PFI) was measured and calculated based on the revised Chinese Student Physical Fitness Standards. Out-of-school PA and other variables of demographics, behavior and perception were collected using questionnaires. Statistical analyses explored urban-rural differences and correlates of PFI and out-of-school PA. We found that the PFI (72.86 vs. 79.67) and weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) duration (167.57 vs. 220.08) of urban students were significantly lower than those of rural students. Weekly MVPA duration had the largest positive impact on PFI. Perceived availability of PA spaces was positively associated with both the urban and rural students' PF and PA, while screen time was negatively associated with PF and PA, especially for rural students. Facilitators of PA frequency include the perceived availability of PA time and parental educational level. Parents' PA habits had a positive impact on urban students' PA. No association between active school commuting and PF or PA was found. Our findings revealed that PF and out-of-school PA of urban students were clearly lower than among rural students. The health of rural children at the county level in western China should be paid much more attention during the process of rapid urbanization.
中国的快速城市化带来了生活方式的改变，导致儿童的身体素质（PF）和校外体育活动（PA）持续下降。迄今为止，研究主要集中在 PF 和校外 PA 的相关性，以及基于地理多样性和城乡对比的模式和趋势。中国西部拥有庞大的农村人口，城乡差异巨大，但很少有人对其县级儿童身体素质（PF）和校外体育活动（PA）进行比较。在位于中国西部的陕西省杨陵区，对一所城市学校（n = 438）和四所农村学校（n = 277）的 715 名小学生（3-6 年级）进行了调查。身体素质指数（PFI）是根据修订后的《中国学生体质健康标准》进行测量和计算的。校外 PA 和其他人口统计学、行为和感知变量是通过问卷调查收集的。统计分析探讨了城乡差异以及 PFI 和校外 PA 的相关性。我们发现，城市学生的 PFI（72.86 比 79.67）和每周中等到剧烈体力活动（MVPA）时间（167.57 比 220.08）明显低于农村学生。每周 MVPA 时间对 PFI 的影响最大。感知到的 PA 空间可用性与城市和农村学生的身体素质和 PA 均呈正相关，而屏幕时间与身体素质和 PA 呈负相关，尤其是农村学生。PA 频率的促进因素包括感知到的 PA 时间可用性和父母的教育水平。父母的 PA 习惯对城市学生的 PA 有积极影响。主动上学通勤与 PF 或 PA 之间没有关联。我们的研究结果表明，城市学生的身体素质和校外体育活动明显低于农村学生。在快速城市化进程中，应更加关注中国西部县级农村儿童的健康。
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