CESP/ UMR-S 1178, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay Malabry 92290, France.
CESP/ UMR-S 1178, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay Malabry 92290, France.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2019 Oct;29(10):1065-1082. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.07.135. Epub 2019 Jul 29.
Adult-born granule cells constitute a small subpopulation of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus. However, they greatly influence several hippocampus-dependent behaviors, suggesting that adult-born granule cells have specific roles that influence behavior. In order to understand how exactly these adult-born granule cells contribute to behavior, it is critical to understand the underlying electrophysiology and neurochemistry of these cells. Here, this review simultaneously focuses on the specific electrophysiological properties of adult-born granule cells, relying on the GluN2B subunit of NMDA glutamate receptors, and how it influences neurochemistry throughout the brain. Especially in a critical age from 4 to 6 weeks post-division during which they modulate hippocampal functions, adult-born granule cells exhibit a higher intrinsic excitability and an enhanced long-term potentiation. Their stimulation decreases the overall excitation/inhibition balance of the DG via recruitment of local interneurons, and in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. However, the link between neurochemical effects of adult-born granule cells and behavior remain to be further examined.
成年海马区神经发生产生的颗粒细胞构成了海马齿状回（DG）中的一小部分亚群。然而，它们极大地影响了几种海马依赖的行为，表明成年海马区神经发生产生的颗粒细胞具有特定的影响行为的作用。为了确切了解这些成年海马区神经发生产生的颗粒细胞如何对行为做出贡献，理解这些细胞的潜在电生理学和神经化学基础至关重要。在这里，本综述同时侧重于成年海马区神经发生产生的颗粒细胞的特定电生理特性，这些特性依赖于 NMDA 谷氨酸受体的 GluN2B 亚基，以及它如何影响整个大脑的神经化学。特别是在出生后 4 至 6 周的关键时期，即它们调节海马功能的时期，成年海马区神经发生产生的颗粒细胞表现出更高的内在兴奋性和增强的长时程增强。它们的刺激通过招募局部中间神经元来减少 DG 中的整体兴奋/抑制平衡，在海马体的 CA3 区域也是如此。然而，成年海马区神经发生产生的颗粒细胞的神经化学作用与行为之间的联系仍有待进一步研究。
