Department of Biology & Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), and CIEMBITAL, University of Almerı́a, E-04120 Almerı́a, Spain.
Laboratory of Phytopathology, Labcolor, Coexphal, Venta el Viso, La Mojonera, E-04746 Almerı́a, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Aug 1;16(15):2754. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152754.
Tomatoes are among the most important horticultural crops; however, it is estimated that 30% of tomato yield is lost due to postharvest rot due to , a fungus which requires lesions to initiate the infectious process. Tomato fruit cracking is a physiopathy which causes significant economic losses, since cracking is the door used by the fungus. In this experiment, 14 cultivars of tomato of different types were used. Fruit sampling was carried out in the middle of the crop cycle, coinciding with the peak of yield; then, the fruits were divided into two groups: one group was inoculated with in order to assess the effectiveness of washing, whilst the other was treated with sterile water. The fruits of each group were divided into lots to be treated with six washing treatments: dipping in hot water at 20, 40 and 60 °C for 20 s; the fruits were then sprayed with the following solutions: 0.6% of Hydrogen Peroxide 23% + Peracetic acid 15%; commercial bleach at 0.5% and 2% of Hydrogen Peroxide 50%. The control sample was not washed. The results show that there was an influence of cultivar on fruit cracking, which was strongly related with infection. Three cultivars were not susceptible to cracking, and therefore, were not sensitive to infection. The effectiveness of different washing treatments of tomato fruits depends on several factors; nonetheless, hot water treatment has been shown to be more effective than the use of chemical products such as commercial bleach or hydrogen peroxide. Another factor, the susceptibility of cultivars to cracking, determines the effectiveness of the washing treatment. The results provide an important basis for making decisions about the washing management of tomato fruits in packaging houses.
番茄是最重要的园艺作物之一；然而，据估计，由于 ，30%的番茄产量在收获后损失，这是一种需要损伤才能开始感染过程的真菌。番茄果实裂果是一种生理病害，会导致重大的经济损失，因为裂果是真菌进入的门户。在本实验中，使用了 14 个不同类型的番茄品种。在作物周期的中期进行果实采样，此时正值产量高峰期；然后，将果实分为两组：一组用 接种，以评估洗涤的效果，另一组用无菌水处理。每组果实再分为若干份，用 6 种洗涤处理方法处理：在 20、40 和 60°C 的热水中浸泡 20 秒；然后用以下溶液喷洒果实：23%过氧化氢+15%过氧乙酸 0.6%；商业漂白剂 0.5%和 50%过氧化氢 2%。对照样品不进行洗涤。结果表明，品种对果实裂果有影响，与 感染有很强的相关性。有三个品种不易裂果，因此对 感染不敏感。番茄果实不同洗涤处理的效果取决于几个因素；然而，热水处理比使用商业漂白剂或过氧化氢等化学产品更有效。另一个因素是品种对裂果的敏感性，决定了洗涤处理的效果。这些结果为包装厂中番茄果实洗涤管理决策提供了重要依据。
