Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2019 Sep 17;85(19). doi: 10.1128/AEM.01105-19. Print 2019 Oct 1.
The biological succession that occurs during the first year of life in the gut of infants in Western countries is broadly predictable in terms of the increasing complexity of the composition of microbiotas. Less information is available about microbiotas in Asian countries, where environmental, nutritional, and cultural influences may differentially affect the composition and development of the microbial community. We compared the fecal microbiotas of Indonesian ( = 204) and New Zealand (NZ) ( = 74) infants 6 to 7 months and 12 months of age. Comparisons were made by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and derivation of community diversity metrics, relative abundances of bacterial families, enterotypes, and cooccurrence correlation networks. Abundances of subsp. and subsp. were determined by quantitative PCR. All observations supported the view that the Indonesian and NZ infant microbiotas developed in complexity over time, but the changes were much greater for NZ infants. subsp. dominated the microbiotas of Indonesian children, whereas subsp. was dominant in NZ children. Network analysis showed that the niche model (in which trophic adaptation results in preferential colonization) of the assemblage of microbiotas was supported in Indonesian infants, whereas the neutral (stochastic) model was supported by the development of the microbiotas of NZ infants. The results of the study show that the development of the fecal microbiota is not the same for infants in all countries, and they point to the necessity of obtaining a better understanding of the factors that control the colonization of the gut in early life. This study addresses the microbiology of a natural ecosystem (the infant bowel) for children in a rural setting in Indonesia and in an urban environment in New Zealand. Analysis of DNA sequences generated from the microbial community (microbiota) in the feces of the infants during the first year of life showed marked differences in the composition and complexity of the bacterial collections. The differences were most likely due to differences in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding of infants in the two countries. These kinds of studies are essential for developing concepts of microbial ecology related to the influence of nutrition and environment on the development of the gut microbiota and for determining the long-term effects of microbiological events in early life on human health and well-being.
在西方国家，婴儿肠道中的生物演替在第一年中是可以广泛预测的，这主要取决于微生物群落组成的复杂性不断增加。关于亚洲国家的微生物组的信息较少，在这些国家，环境、营养和文化的影响可能会对微生物群落的组成和发展产生不同的影响。我们比较了印度尼西亚（ = 204）和新西兰（NZ）（ = 74）6 至 7 个月和 12 个月大的婴儿的粪便微生物群。通过 16S rRNA 基因序列分析和群落多样性指标、细菌家族相对丰度、肠型和共生相关网络的推导来进行比较。通过定量 PCR 确定了 subsp. 和 subsp. 的丰度。所有观察结果都支持这样一种观点，即印度尼西亚和新西兰婴儿的微生物群随着时间的推移而变得越来越复杂，但新西兰婴儿的变化要大得多。 subsp. 主导了印度尼西亚儿童的微生物群，而 subsp. 在新西兰儿童中占主导地位。网络分析表明，在印度尼西亚婴儿中，微生物群的生态位模型（其中营养适应导致优先定植）得到了支持，而在新西兰婴儿中，微生物群的中性（随机）模型得到了支持。研究结果表明，并非所有国家的婴儿粪便微生物群的发育都相同，它们指出有必要更好地了解控制早期肠道定植的因素。本研究针对印度尼西亚农村地区和新西兰城市环境中儿童的自然生态系统（婴儿肠道）的微生物学进行了研究。对婴儿出生后第一年粪便中微生物群落（微生物组）的 DNA 序列进行分析，显示出细菌集合体组成和复杂性的显著差异。这些差异很可能是由于两国婴儿母乳喂养的流行率和持续时间不同造成的。这些类型的研究对于发展与营养和环境对肠道微生物群发育的影响相关的微生物生态学概念以及确定早期生活中微生物事件对人类健康和福祉的长期影响至关重要。
