Food and Postharvest Technology, Koforidua Technical University, Koforidua, Ghana.
Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro B2N 5E3, NS, Canada.
Poult Sci. 2019 Dec 1;98(12):6897-6902. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez426.
Poultry meats can become contaminated with pathogenic bacteria through digesta leakage during processing. Reducing the bacteria load in digesta of market-aged broilers prior to processing reduces the incidence of fecal contamination at the processing plant. A lysozyme product was incorporated in a maltodextrin-based feed offered during the pre-shipping feed withdrawal period to reduce bacteria in ileal contents of market-aged broilers. Twenty 36-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to each of 16 pens. For a 9 h period each pen was randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: no feed, maltodextrin-based feed with a lysozyme product (Inovapure) added at 0, 10, or 20 g per kg of feed. Feed consumption was determined and a minimum of 3 birds were randomly selected from each pen and euthanized. The ileal contents were removed and weighed. Samples were analyzed for Clostridium perfringens, aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, and coliform numbers using standard culturing techniques and next generation sequencing was performed to determine population shifts. Bacteria counts were transformed to log10 colony forming units (cfu) and analyzed as a completely randomized design. The data from next generation sequencing was analyzed as a 3 × 5 factorial design using Proc Mixed of SAS. Lysozyme did not affect feed consumption nor were the weight of ileal contents different for birds fed maltodextrin-based feeds compared to birds on traditional feed withdrawal. E. coli/coliforms and Enterobacteriaceae plates had no signs of bacterial growth. The number of Clostridium perfringens and aerobic bacteria in the ileal contents of market-aged broilers was not different between treatments using the traditional culturing techniques. Next generation sequencing was a useful alternative to traditional culture techniques as results revealed that bacilli were reduced and clostridia increased for the 20 g lysozyme treatment. Addition of lysozyme to a maltodextrin based feed did not change overall numbers of bacteria but was effective in altering the participants in the bacteria community in ileal contents of market-aged broilers.
家禽肉在加工过程中可能会因消化物泄漏而受到致病菌污染。减少加工前市场年龄肉鸡消化物中的细菌负荷可以降低加工厂的粪便污染发生率。一种溶菌酶产品被添加到一种基于麦芽糊精的饲料中，该饲料在运输前的停食期提供，以减少市场年龄肉鸡回肠内容物中的细菌。将 20 只 36 日龄的肉鸡随机分配到 16 个围栏中的每一个。每个围栏在 9 小时的时间内随机分配到以下处理之一：无饲料、添加 0、10 或 20 g/千克饲料的基于麦芽糊精的饲料的溶菌酶产品（Inovapure）。确定饲料消耗，然后从每个围栏中随机选择至少 3 只鸡并安乐死。取出回肠内容物并称重。使用标准培养技术分析回肠内容物中的产气荚膜梭菌、需氧菌、肠杆菌科、大肠杆菌和大肠菌群数量，并用下一代测序来确定种群变化。细菌计数转换为对数 10 菌落形成单位（cfu），并作为完全随机设计进行分析。下一代测序的数据作为 3×5 析因设计使用 SAS 的 Proc Mixed 进行分析。溶菌酶既不影响饲料消耗，也不影响与传统停食饲料相比，喂食基于麦芽糊精的饲料的鸡的回肠内容物重量。大肠杆菌/大肠菌群和肠杆菌科平板没有细菌生长的迹象。使用传统培养技术，在市场年龄肉鸡回肠内容物中，产气荚膜梭菌和需氧菌的数量在处理之间没有差异。下一代测序是传统培养技术的有用替代品，因为结果表明，20 g 溶菌酶处理可减少杆菌，增加梭菌。在基于麦芽糊精的饲料中添加溶菌酶不会改变细菌的总数，但可以有效地改变市场年龄肉鸡回肠内容物中细菌群落的参与者。
