University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 145 N. Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States.
University of Iowa, School of Urban and Regional Planning, 349 Jessup Hall, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States.
Accid Anal Prev. 2019 Oct;131:350-356. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.07.017. Epub 2019 Aug 1.
Efforts to encourage bicycling to school have increased in the United States. However, little is known about how parent-child communication affects bicycle safety. The purpose of this study was to examine parent-child agreement on biking instructions and their correlation with the early adolescents' real-world riding behavior.
Parent-child dyads were asked open-ended questions about instructions they had given/received about bicycling. Answers were then coded into nine categories (e.g., crossing the road, bicycle control/handling). Distributions of parent-child agreement on parent-given bicycle safety instructions were examined in relation to the adolescent's real-world riding behaviors.
36 parent-child dyads were included. Average age was 11.9 (Range: 10-15) for adolescents and 43.3 (Range: 30-59) for parents. Common parental instructions included: wear helmet, ride on sidewalk, and trip routing specifications. High 'ride on sidewalk' instruction (38.9% both parent and adolescent, 22.2% parent only, 16.7% adolescent only) was concerning due to potential driveway conflicts. Agreement between parents and adolescents on reported instructions was low, overall. Mean safety-relevant event rates in real-world cycling did not differ significantly between bicycle safety instruction agreement groups (both parent & adolescent reported, parent only, adolescent only, neither). The proportion of time an adolescent rode on different infrastructure types (sidewalk, street, etc.) did not vary between dyads reporting parents had given instructions to ride on the sidewalk and those who had not.
Results highlight lack of agreement between parents and adolescents on cycling instructions the adolescent receives from the parent. Parent instructions to adolescents regarding bicycling safety were not associated with actual riding behaviors. Results suggest parent messaging to adolescents may be ineffective. Given parents are in a position of influence, results indicate a need for parental training on effective safety-related communication strategies to assist them in capitalizing on their parental role to increase their child's safety.
在美国，鼓励孩子骑车上学的努力有所增加。然而，人们对亲子沟通如何影响自行车安全知之甚少。本研究的目的是检验亲子双方对骑车指导的一致性及其与青少年现实世界骑行行为的相关性。
要求亲子二人对他们收到的骑车指导进行开放式提问。然后，将答案分为九个类别（例如过马路、自行车控制/处理）。检查家长给予的自行车安全指导的亲子一致性分布与青少年现实世界骑行行为之间的关系。
共纳入 36 对亲子。青少年平均年龄为 11.9 岁（范围：10-15 岁），父母平均年龄为 43.3 岁（范围：30-59 岁）。常见的家长指导包括：戴头盔、在人行道上骑车和规定路线。高比例的“在人行道上骑车”指导（父母和青少年双方均为 38.9%，仅父母为 22.2%，仅青少年为 16.7%）令人担忧，因为这可能与车道冲突有关。亲子双方对报告指导的一致性总体较低。现实世界中自行车骑行的安全相关事件率在不同的指导协议组（父母和青少年双方均报告、仅父母报告、仅青少年报告、双方均不报告）之间没有显著差异。报告父母曾指导过在人行道上骑车的青少年和未报告过的青少年，其在不同基础设施类型（人行道、街道等）上的骑行时间比例没有差异。
结果突出表明，青少年从家长那里收到的骑车指导方面，家长和青少年之间存在一致性不足的问题。家长对青少年自行车安全的指导与实际骑行行为无关。研究结果表明，家长向青少年传达的信息可能无效。鉴于家长处于有影响力的地位，结果表明，需要对家长进行有效的安全相关沟通策略培训，以帮助他们利用家长的角色，提高孩子的安全性。
