Nakayama D K, Pasieka K B, Gardner M J
Benedum Pediatric Trauma Program, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pa 15213.
Am J Dis Child. 1990 Aug;144(8):928-9. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1990.02150320092035.
Bicycle crashes are a major cause of injuries in childhood. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of bicycle-related injuries on the subsequent bicycle-riding behavior and safety practices of the child and other family members. Successful telephone contact was made with the parents of 82 of 230 children (age at time of injury, 4 to 15 years; median, 9 years; 57 boys and 25 girls) admitted to the hospital with bicycle-related injuries from 1983 to 1986. Parents were interviewed by telephone 4 months to 6 years after injury (median, 1 year 9 months). Head injuries predominated (64.6%). Almost all children continued to ride a bicycle after hospitalization (80 [97.6%] ). Few wore a bicycle helmet either before (6 [7.3%] ) or at the time of injury (3 [3.7%] ). More began wearing helmets after hospital discharge (20 [24.4%] ), but three fourths of the children still rode their bicycles without protective head wear. Helmet wearing also increased among bicycle-riding siblings after the index hospitalization (3 [7.0%] of 43 vs 7 [16.3%] ) but the difference was not significant. Parents commonly imposed restrictions on bicycle riding before hospitalization (78.0%) and after hospital discharge (82.9%). Twenty-six families (31.7%) reported more stringent rules after injury. Only 17 children (20.7%) participated in formal bicycle safety programs before the injury; only 5 (6.1%) more went through such a program after hospital discharge. Alone, an injury seems to have limited effect on the adoption of safe bicycling practices among children. The hospitalization of injured children provides opportunities for safety education to foster safe bicycling and to prevent injuries of all causes.
自行车事故是儿童受伤的主要原因。本研究的目的是确定与自行车相关的损伤对儿童及其他家庭成员随后的骑自行车行为和安全习惯的影响。1983年至1986年期间，因与自行车相关的损伤而住院的230名儿童（受伤时年龄为4至15岁；中位数为9岁；57名男孩和25名女孩）中，成功与82名儿童的家长取得了电话联系。在受伤后4个月至6年（中位数为1年9个月）通过电话对家长进行了访谈。头部损伤占主导地位（64.6%）。几乎所有儿童在住院后仍继续骑自行车（80名[97.6%]）。受伤前很少有人戴自行车头盔（6名[7.3%]），受伤时戴头盔的也很少（3名[3.7%]）。更多儿童在出院后开始戴头盔（20名[24.4%]），但四分之三的儿童仍然不戴防护头盔骑自行车。在索引住院后，骑自行车的兄弟姐妹中戴头盔的情况也有所增加（43名中的3名[7.0%]对7名[16.3%]），但差异不显著。家长通常在住院前（78.0%）和出院后（82.9%）对骑自行车施加限制。26个家庭（31.7%）报告在受伤后制定了更严格的规定。受伤前只有17名儿童（20.7%）参加了正式的自行车安全项目；出院后只有5名（6.1%）儿童参加了此类项目。单独来看，一次受伤似乎对儿童采用安全的骑自行车习惯影响有限。受伤儿童的住院为安全教育提供了机会，以促进安全骑自行车并预防各种原因导致的伤害。
