Sassano Michele, Barbara Andrea, Grossi Adriano, Poscia Andrea, Cimini Daniela, Spadea Antonietta, Zaffina Salvatore, Villari Paolo, Ricciardi Walter, Laurenti Patrizia, Boccia Stefania
Sezione di Igiene, Istituto di Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.
Accademia Romana di Sanità Pubblica, Roma, Italia.
Ig Sanita Pubbl. 2019 Mar-Apr;75(2):158-173.
Vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs) is a public health tool of the utmost importance and the Italian National Vaccine Prevention Plan (PNPV) 2017-2019 recommends several vaccinations in this population group. Nevertheless, vaccine hesitancy is influencing HCWs' attitude towards vaccination. Moreover, a large number of measles cases have been reported in Italy among HCWs in 2017 and 2018. In Italy there is no national registry for vaccinations, so data on vaccine coverage among HCWs are not readily accessible. The aim of this literature review is to describe the most recent data about vaccination coverage among HCWs in Italy. We also report studies that evaluated the effectiveness of strategies to increase influenza vaccine uptake. We included all studies conducted in Italy and published between 2008 and 2018, regarding vaccines recommended by the PNPV 2017-2019 (hepatitis B, influenza, pertussis, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, and tuberculosis). Our findings confirm that low vaccination coverage levels among HCWs exist in several Italian regions and cities, highlighting a relevant gap towards targets set by the PNPV. Studies that evaluated the effectiveness of multicomponent interventions to increase vaccination coverage found only minimal to moderate increases in uptake levels. It is therefore crucial to tackle vaccine hesitancy in HCWs, by identifying effective strategies able to significantly increase vaccine coverage, in order to decrease the risk of nosocomial infections, prevent transmission of preventable diseases to patients, and reduce indirect costs related to HCW absenteeism due to illness.
医护人员接种疫苗是一项极其重要的公共卫生手段，意大利2017 - 2019年国家疫苗预防计划（PNPV）建议该人群接种多种疫苗。然而，疫苗犹豫正在影响医护人员对疫苗接种的态度。此外，2017年和2018年意大利报告了大量医护人员感染麻疹的病例。在意大利，没有全国性的疫苗接种登记系统，因此医护人员的疫苗接种覆盖率数据难以获取。这篇文献综述的目的是描述意大利医护人员疫苗接种覆盖率的最新数据。我们还报告了评估提高流感疫苗接种率策略有效性的研究。我们纳入了2008年至2018年期间在意大利进行并发表的所有关于PNPV 2017 - 2019推荐疫苗（乙肝、流感、百日咳、麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹、水痘和结核病）的研究。我们的研究结果证实，意大利多个地区和城市的医护人员疫苗接种覆盖率较低，凸显了与PNPV设定目标之间的显著差距。评估多组分干预措施提高疫苗接种覆盖率有效性的研究发现，接种率仅略有至适度提高。因此，通过确定能够显著提高疫苗接种覆盖率的有效策略来解决医护人员的疫苗犹豫问题至关重要，以便降低医院感染风险，防止可预防疾病传播给患者，并减少因医护人员因病缺勤造成的间接成本。
