Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
Global Research of Wellbeing-GRoW-Research Group, FCSB-URL, Barcelona, Spain.
Eur J Public Health. 2020 Apr 1;30(2):346-353. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz139.
The purpose of this article is to report on a comparative analysis of the official food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) that were applicable in 2015 in 25 EU Member States. We assess FBDG in relation to the main guidelines established by the FAO/WHO, the EURODIET project and the EFSA, with a particular focus on identifying strengths and limitations of current FBDG in Europe towards addressing diet-related health inequalities.
This is a review research, in which a mixed-methods sequenced procedure was utilized. In each EU country key informants, including sociologists, economists, dietitians and nutritionists were asked to provide data regarding: (i) current dietary guidelines and national health priorities, (ii) model of health promotion currently available, (iii) results of the latest food consumption survey. All documents were reviewed by the coordinating team. Full data were analysed by two nutritionists, using a tabulated sheet to organize and compare the results.
While all countries have national FBDG, the level of detail and quality varies substantially with regard to: time of last update; availability of recommendations for specific target groups; specification of frequency and portion size; the graphical representation; recommended amounts and limits of foods consumed; and recommendations regarding physical activity.
European countries have great opportunities to improve FBDG to better serve Public Health policy through a more consistent foundation of how these guidelines are developed, the inclusion of different population subgroups as a target for recommendations and the implementation of monitoring systems.
本文旨在报告对 2015 年 25 个欧盟成员国适用的官方基于食物的膳食指南（FBDG）进行的比较分析。我们根据粮农组织/世卫组织、EURODIET 项目和 EFSA 制定的主要指南评估 FBDG，特别关注确定欧洲当前 FBDG 解决与饮食相关的健康不平等问题的优势和局限性。
这是一项回顾性研究，采用混合方法的顺序程序。在每个欧盟国家，包括社会学家、经济学家、营养师和营养学家在内的主要信息提供者被要求提供有关以下方面的数据：（i）当前的膳食指南和国家健康重点，（ii）当前可用的健康促进模式，（iii）最新的食物消费调查结果。协调小组审查了所有文件。两位营养师使用表格对所有数据进行分析，以组织和比较结果。
虽然所有国家都有国家 FBDG，但在最后一次更新的时间、针对特定目标群体的建议的可用性、频率和份量的具体规定、图形表示、推荐的食物摄入量和限量以及有关体育活动的建议等方面，详细程度和质量差异很大。
欧洲各国通过更一致的指南制定基础、将不同的人群亚组作为建议的目标以及实施监测系统，有很大的机会改进 FBDG，以更好地为公共卫生政策服务。
