癌症中的循环微小RNA：潜力与挑战
Circulating MicroRNAs in Cancer: Potential and Challenge.
作者信息
Cui Mengying, Wang Hongdan, Yao Xiaoxiao, Zhang Dan, Xie Yingjun, Cui Ranji, Zhang Xuewen
机构信息
Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
出版信息
Front Genet. 2019 Jul 18;10:626. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00626. eCollection 2019.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNA molecules that can be secreted into the circulation and exist in remarkably stable forms. Like intercellular miRNAs, circulating miRNAs participate in numerous regulations of biological process and expressed aberrantly under abnormal or pathological status. The quality and quantity changes of circulating miRNAs are associated with the initiation and progression of cancer and can be easily detected by basic molecular biology techniques. Consequently, considerable effort has been devoted to identify suitable extracellular miRNAs for noninvasive biomarkers in cancer. However, several challenges need to be overcome before the practical application. In this review, we discuss several issues of circulating miRNAs: biological function and basic transport carriers; extracellular cell communication process; roles as reliable cancer biomarkers and usage in targeted cancer therapy; and challenges for clinical application.
微小RNA（miRNA）是内源性非编码小RNA分子，可分泌到循环系统中，并以非常稳定的形式存在。与细胞间miRNA一样，循环miRNA参与生物过程的众多调控，并在异常或病理状态下异常表达。循环miRNA的质量和数量变化与癌症的发生和发展相关，并且可以通过基本分子生物学技术轻松检测到。因此，人们致力于寻找合适的细胞外miRNA作为癌症的非侵入性生物标志物。然而，在实际应用之前还需要克服几个挑战。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了循环miRNA的几个问题：生物学功能和基本运输载体；细胞外细胞通讯过程；作为可靠癌症生物标志物的作用及其在癌症靶向治疗中的应用；以及临床应用面临的挑战。
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