Günther Catrin S, Knight Sarah J, Jones Rory, Goddard Matthew R
Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences University of Lincoln Lincoln UK.
School of Biological Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand.
Ecol Evol. 2019 Jun 30;9(14):8075-8086. doi: 10.1002/ece3.5366. eCollection 2019 Jul.
Whether there are general mechanisms, driving interspecific chemical communication is uncertain. yeast and fruit flies, both extensively studied research models, share the same fruit habitat, and it has been suggested their interaction comprises a facultative mutualism that is instigated and maintained by yeast volatiles. Using choice tests, experimental evolution, and volatile analyses, we investigate the maintenance of this relationship and reveal little consistency between behavioral responses of two isolates of sympatric species. While was attracted to a range of different yeasts and this was independent of fruit type, preference appeared specific to a particular genotype isolated from a vineyard fly population. This response, however, was not consistent across fruit types and is therefore context-dependent. In addition, attraction to an individual isolate was pliable over ecological timescales. Volatile candidates were analyzed to identify a common signal for yeast attraction, and while generally responded to fermentation profiles, preference was more discerning and likely threshold-dependent. Overall, there is no strong evidence to support the idea of bespoke interactions with specific yeasts for either of these genotypes. Rather the data support the idea are generally adapted to sense and locate fruits infested by a range of fungal microbes and/or that yeast- interactions may evolve rapidly.
种间化学通讯是否存在通用机制尚不确定。酵母和果蝇都是经过广泛研究的模式生物，它们共享相同的水果栖息地，有人认为它们之间的相互作用构成了一种兼性互利共生关系，这种关系由酵母挥发物引发并维持。我们通过选择测试、实验进化和挥发物分析来研究这种关系的维持情况，结果发现同域物种的两个分离株的行为反应之间几乎没有一致性。虽然果蝇会被一系列不同的酵母吸引，且这与水果类型无关，但果蝇的偏好似乎特定于从葡萄园果蝇种群中分离出的特定基因型。然而，这种反应在不同水果类型之间并不一致，因此是依赖于环境的。此外，果蝇对单个酵母分离株的吸引力在生态时间尺度上是可变的。我们分析了挥发性候选物以确定吸引酵母的共同信号，虽然果蝇通常对发酵特征有反应，但果蝇的偏好更具辨别力，可能依赖于阈值。总体而言，没有有力证据支持这两种基因型与特定酵母存在定制相互作用的观点。相反，数据支持这样的观点，即果蝇通常适应于感知和定位被多种真菌微生物侵染的水果，并且/或者酵母与果蝇的相互作用可能迅速进化。
