Chen Mang L, Reyblat Polina, Poh Melissa M, Chi Amanda C
GU Recon, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Transl Androl Urol. 2019 Jun;8(3):191-208. doi: 10.21037/tau.2019.06.19.
Gender related genitourinary surgeries are vitally important in the management of gender dysphoria. Vaginoplasty, metoidioplasty, phalloplasty and their associated surgeries help patients achieve their main goal of aligning their body and mind. These surgeries warrant careful adherence to reconstructive surgical principles as many patients can require corrective surgeries from complications that arise. Peri-operative assessment, the surgical techniques employed for vaginoplasty, phalloplasty, metoidioplasty, and their associated procedures are described. The general reconstructive principles for managing complications including urethroplasty to correct urethral bulging, vaginl stenosis, clitoroplasty and labiaplasty after primary vaginoplasty, and urethroplasty for strictures and fistulas, neophallus and neoscrotal reconstruction after phalloplasty are outlined as well.
性别相关的泌尿生殖系统手术在性别焦虑症的治疗中至关重要。阴道成形术、阴茎头成形术、阴茎成形术及其相关手术帮助患者实现身心一致的主要目标。由于许多患者可能因出现的并发症而需要进行矫正手术，这些手术需要严格遵循重建外科原则。本文描述了围手术期评估、阴道成形术、阴茎成形术、阴茎头成形术及其相关手术所采用的手术技术。还概述了处理并发症的一般重建原则，包括矫正尿道膨出的尿道成形术、初次阴道成形术后的阴道狭窄、阴蒂成形术和阴唇成形术，以及阴茎成形术后治疗狭窄和瘘管、新阴茎和新阴囊重建的尿道成形术。
