Phuyal Santosh, Farhan Hesso
Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Jul 16;7:127. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00127. eCollection 2019.
The Rho family of small GTPases orchestrates fundamental biological processes such as cell cycle progression, cell migration, and actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and their aberrant signaling is linked to numerous human diseases and disorders. Traditionally, active Rho GTPase proteins were proposed to reside and function predominantly at the plasma membrane. While this view still holds true, it is emerging that active pool of multiple Rho GTPases are in part localized to endomembranes such as endosomes and the Golgi. In this review, we will focus on the intracellular pools and discuss how their local activation contributes to the shaping of various cellular processes. Our main focus will be on Rho signaling from the endosomes, Golgi, mitochondria and nucleus and how they regulate multiple cellular events such as receptor trafficking, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell migration and polarity.
小GTP酶的Rho家族协调细胞周期进程、细胞迁移和肌动蛋白细胞骨架动力学等基本生物学过程，其异常信号传导与多种人类疾病和病症相关。传统上，活性Rho GTP酶蛋白被认为主要存在于质膜并在质膜发挥功能。虽然这一观点仍然成立，但越来越多的证据表明，多种Rho GTP酶的活性池部分定位于内膜，如内体和高尔基体。在本综述中，我们将重点关注细胞内池，并讨论它们的局部激活如何有助于塑造各种细胞过程。我们的主要关注点将是来自内体、高尔基体、线粒体和细胞核的Rho信号传导，以及它们如何调节多种细胞事件，如受体运输、细胞增殖和分化、细胞迁移和极性。
