Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) - School of Medicine, Université Paris Sud - School of Medicine, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ); INSERM (French National Institute for Health and Medical Research), Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.
Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Oct 1;110(4):993-1002. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz173.
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been reported to be associated with lower cancer risk. However, while previous studies explored major single components of the MD, only 1 previous study has investigated adherence to the MD in relation to melanoma risk.
The aim of this study was to explore the relations between adherence to the MD and the risk of skin cancer, including melanomas, basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs).
Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (E3N) is a prospective cohort of 98,995 French women aged 40-65 y in 1990. Dietary data were collected via a validated food questionnaire in 1993. Adherence to the MD was assessed using a 9-unit dietary score that incorporates intakes of fruit, vegetables, legumes, cereal products, olive oil, fish, dairy products, meat products, and alcohol. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to compute HRs and 95% CIs adjusted for age and main known skin cancer risk factors.
From 1993 to 2008, a total of 2003 skin cancer cases were ascertained among 67,332 women, including 404 melanomas, 1367 BCCs, and 232 SCCs. Score of adherence to the MD was associated with lower risk of skin cancer (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.93 for high compared with low score, Ptrend = 0.001). MD score was also inversely and linearly associated with risks of melanoma (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.96; Ptrend = 0.02) and BCC (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.90; Ptrend = 0.0006) but not SCC (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.55; Ptrend = 0.68), although with no heterogeneity across skin cancer types (Pheterogeneity = 0.23).
These findings suggest that adherence to the MD is associated with a lower skin cancer risk in women, particularly melanoma and BCC. If confirmed in future research, these findings may have important implications in skin cancer prevention.
地中海饮食（MD）已被报道与较低的癌症风险相关。然而，虽然之前的研究探讨了 MD 的主要单一成分，但只有一项先前的研究调查了 MD 的依从性与黑色素瘤风险之间的关系。
本研究旨在探讨 MD 的依从性与皮肤癌（包括黑色素瘤、基底细胞癌（BCC）和鳞状细胞癌（SCC））风险之间的关系。
E3N 是一项前瞻性队列研究，纳入了 1990 年 98995 名年龄在 40-65 岁的法国女性。1993 年通过经过验证的食物问卷收集饮食数据。MD 的依从性通过包含水果、蔬菜、豆类、谷物产品、橄榄油、鱼类、乳制品、肉类产品和酒精摄入量的 9 分饮食评分来评估。我们使用 Cox 比例风险回归模型计算 HRs 和 95%CI，调整了年龄和主要已知皮肤癌风险因素。
从 1993 年到 2008 年，在 67332 名女性中共确定了 2003 例皮肤癌病例，包括 404 例黑色素瘤、1367 例 BCC 和 232 例 SCC。MD 依从性评分与皮肤癌风险较低相关（HR：0.83；95%CI：0.73，0.93，与低评分相比，Ptrend=0.001）。MD 评分与黑色素瘤（HR：0.72；95%CI：0.54，0.96；Ptrend=0.02）和 BCC（HR：0.77；95%CI：0.66，0.90；Ptrend=0.0006）的风险呈负相关且呈线性关系，但与 SCC（HR：1.08；95%CI：0.75，1.55；Ptrend=0.68）无关，尽管不同皮肤癌类型之间无异质性（P异质性=0.23）。
这些发现表明，MD 的依从性与女性皮肤癌风险较低相关，特别是黑色素瘤和 BCC。如果在未来的研究中得到证实，这些发现可能对皮肤癌预防具有重要意义。
