Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" team, CESP, F-94805, Villejuif, France.
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, CEDEX 08, Lyon, France.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2023 May;77(5):596-602. doi: 10.1038/s41430-023-01267-x. Epub 2023 Feb 1.
The Palaeolithic diet (PD) has gained popularity globally. There is emerging evidence of its putative health benefits as short-term effects on chronic diseases have been reported. We evaluated the association between long-term adherence to the PD and breast cancer (BC) risk among postmenopausal women.
65,574 women from the Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (E3N) cohort were followed from 1993 to 2014. Incident BC cases were identified and validated. The PD score was calculated using dietary intake self-reported at baseline (1993) and follow-up (2005) or baseline only if censored before follow-up. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate BC hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Over a mean follow-up of 20 years, 3968 incident BC cases occurred. An increase of 1 standard deviation in the PD score was associated with an 8% lower BC risk, fully-adjusted model: HR 0.92, 95% CI; 0.89, 0.95. Compared to women with low adherence to the PD, women with high adherence had a 17% lower BC risk, HR 0.83, 95% CI; 0.75, 0.92, P < 0.01. When considering BC subtypes, we observed the same pattern of association (P > 0.10 for all).
High adherence to a PD characterised by fruit, vegetables, nuts, fish, and lean meat and limited in dairy, grains, legumes, refined sugar, and alcohol was associated with a lower BC risk. The lack of heterogeneity according to BC subtypes could indicate the involvement of non-hormonal mechanisms. The protocol is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03285230.
The protocol is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03285230.
旧石器饮食（PD）在全球范围内越来越受欢迎。有证据表明，它具有潜在的健康益处，因为已经报道了其对慢性病的短期影响。我们评估了长期遵循 PD 与绝经后妇女乳腺癌（BC）风险之间的关联。
来自女性教育国民互助协会队列研究（E3N）的 65574 名女性从 1993 年开始随访至 2014 年。确定并验证了乳腺癌病例。PD 评分是使用基线（1993 年）和随访（2005 年）时自我报告的饮食摄入量或如果在随访前被删失则仅使用基线数据计算得出的。多变量 Cox 比例风险回归模型用于估计 BC 危险比（HR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。
在平均 20 年的随访期间，发生了 3968 例乳腺癌事件。PD 评分增加 1 个标准差与 BC 风险降低 8%相关，完全调整后的模型：HR 0.92，95%CI；0.89，0.95。与 PD 低依从性的女性相比，PD 高依从性的女性乳腺癌风险降低 17%，HR 0.83，95%CI；0.75，0.92，P<0.01。当考虑乳腺癌亚型时，我们观察到相同的关联模式（所有 P>0.10）。
高依从 PD 特征为水果、蔬菜、坚果、鱼和瘦肉，限制乳制品、谷物、豆类、精制糖和酒精，与较低的 BC 风险相关。根据 BC 亚型缺乏异质性可能表明涉及非激素机制。该方案在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT03285230。
该方案在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT03285230。
