Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis.
Am Psychol. 2019 Oct;74(7):823-839. doi: 10.1037/amp0000401. Epub 2019 Aug 5.
The Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) is one of psychology's most famous studies. It has been criticized on many grounds, and yet a majority of textbook authors have ignored these criticisms in their discussions of the SPE, thereby misleading both students and the general public about the study's questionable scientific validity. Data collected from a thorough investigation of the SPE archives and interviews with 15 of the participants in the experiment further question the study's scientific merit. These data are not only supportive of previous criticisms of the SPE, such as the presence of demand characteristics, but provide new criticisms of the SPE based on heretofore unknown information. These new criticisms include the biased and incomplete collection of data, the extent to which the SPE drew on a prison experiment devised and conducted by students in one of Zimbardo's classes 3 months earlier, the fact that the guards received precise instructions regarding the treatment of the prisoners, the fact that the guards were not told they were subjects, and the fact that participants were almost never completely immersed by the situation. Possible explanations of the inaccurate textbook portrayal and general misperception of the SPE's scientific validity over the past 5 decades, in spite of its flaws and shortcomings, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
斯坦福监狱实验（SPE）是心理学界最著名的研究之一。它已经受到了许多方面的批评，但大多数教科书作者在讨论 SPE 时忽略了这些批评，从而在研究的可疑科学有效性方面误导了学生和公众。从对 SPE 档案的彻底调查中收集的数据以及对实验 15 名参与者的采访进一步质疑了该研究的科学价值。这些数据不仅支持了之前对 SPE 的批评，例如存在需求特征，而且还根据以前未知的信息对 SPE 提出了新的批评。这些新的批评包括数据的有偏见和不完整的收集、SPE 在多大程度上借鉴了 Zimbardo 的一个班级 3 个月前设计和进行的监狱实验、看守得到了关于囚犯待遇的确切指示、看守没有被告知他们是被试者以及参与者几乎从未完全沉浸在这种情境中的事实。讨论了过去 50 年来尽管存在缺陷和不足，但不准确的教科书描述和对 SPE 科学有效性的普遍误解的可能解释。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
