Built Environment, North Carolina A&T, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72111, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Aug 3;16(15):2783. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152783.
Oil spill chemicals (OSCs) result not only from the crude oil components but also from dispersants used in the clean-up activities, where some may result in adverse health effects under certain exposure and dosage conditions. One of the main populations of concern for exposure to OSCs are children, who are frequent beach users. Activities such as ingestion of and digging in sand can increase dermal and ingestion exposure. Longer times spent at the beach can also increase exposures for all routes.
The Beach Exposure and Child Health Study (BEaCHeS) was initiated to evaluate the risk of exposure to children from oil contaminants. Reported here are results for surveys collected, as a part of the project, to address exposure-related behavior patterns and risk perception for parents or guardians who visit the beach.
Over 400 parental surveys were collected at four beaches, two in Miami and two in Texas, to evaluate children's exposure related activities. Surveys consisted of three general sections: demographics, exposure, and risk perception. Surveys were analyzed in REDcap and Stata to evaluate demographic and regional differences on activities related to beach behavior and potential exposures to oil contaminants (e.g., how much time spent on beach, cleaning habits following beach activities). The statistical analysis included the mean and standard errors, along with regressions to evaluate associations between parameters.
Overall, the data showed high variability in how children play on the beach, influenced more by age and less by gender. Variations were also seen in certain variables by beach region (e.g., hygiene practices). By race, variations were seen in income, distance of travel to beach, and preferred method of communication for beach warning. Other important findings are reflected in the article.
The data presented here may prove useful for those evaluating children exposures to a variety of contaminants, chemical, or bacterial in origin. In addition, coastal managers may find the risk perception and general behaviors useful for planning and maintenance of beach areas.
溢油化学品（OSC）不仅来自原油成分，还来自清理活动中使用的分散剂，其中一些在特定暴露和剂量条件下可能会导致不良健康影响。接触 OSC 的主要关注人群之一是儿童，他们经常去海滩。摄入和挖掘沙子等活动会增加皮肤和摄入暴露。在海滩上停留的时间越长，所有途径的暴露也会增加。
发起海滩暴露和儿童健康研究（BEaCHeS）是为了评估儿童接触油污染物的风险。这里报告的是作为该项目一部分收集的调查结果，以解决与父母或监护人访问海滩相关的暴露相关行为模式和风险感知。
在迈阿密和德克萨斯的四个海滩收集了 400 多份父母调查，以评估儿童与暴露相关的活动。调查包括三个一般部分：人口统计学、暴露和风险感知。调查在 REDcap 和 Stata 中进行分析，以评估与海滩行为和潜在接触油污染物相关的活动的人口统计学和地区差异（例如，在海滩上花费的时间、海滩活动后的清洁习惯）。统计分析包括平均值和标准误差，以及回归分析以评估参数之间的关联。
总体而言，数据显示儿童在海滩上玩耍的方式差异很大，更多地受到年龄的影响，而较少受到性别的影响。海滩区域也存在某些变量的变化（例如卫生习惯）。按种族划分，收入、前往海滩的距离以及海滩警告的首选沟通方式存在差异。其他重要发现反映在文章中。
这里呈现的数据对于评估儿童接触各种来源的污染物（化学物质或细菌）可能会有用。此外，沿海管理人员可能会发现风险感知和一般行为对于规划和维护海滩区域有用。
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