Ingram Benjamin James, Thomas Connie Lynn
Madigan Army Medical Center, Monterey, CA.
U.S. Army Womack Army Medical Center, Pinehurst, NC.
Curr Sports Med Rep. 2019 Jun;18(6):239-247. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000605.
This review starts with a brief history of sex policy in sport followed by an exploration of the current state of transgender sport policies. Transgender in sport, from the high school to the professional level, is a frequent news topic. Fairness in women's athletics is at the center of transgender sport policy deliberations and public debate. Despite a long history of policy attempts and revisions, the female category in sport is not precisely and universally established, complicating transgender athlete policy development. Scientific evidence is scant on fairness for transgender athletes. For a variety of social factors, many transgender athletes do not have a positive experience in sports and the younger is the athlete the more challenging it becomes to create inclusive rules. Challenges remain in making competition rules fair, but inclusive, so that transgender athletes participate in sport. The medical and scientific community will continue to provide key input.
本综述首先简要介绍了体育领域性别政策的历史,接着探讨了跨性别体育政策的现状。从高中到职业水平,体育领域的跨性别者一直是新闻热点话题。女子体育赛事的公平性是跨性别体育政策审议和公众辩论的核心。尽管长期以来一直在尝试制定和修订相关政策,但体育领域的女子类别尚未得到精确且普遍的界定,这使得跨性别运动员政策的制定变得复杂。关于跨性别运动员公平性的科学证据很少。由于多种社会因素,许多跨性别运动员在体育赛事中没有积极的体验,而且运动员越年轻,制定包容性规则就越具挑战性。在制定公平但具包容性的竞赛规则以使跨性别运动员能够参与体育赛事方面,仍然存在挑战。医学和科学界将继续提供关键意见。