Tan XueMei, Rodrigue Denis
College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, No.19, Xuefu Ave, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
Polymers (Basel). 2019 Aug 5;11(8):1310. doi: 10.3390/polym11081310.
The development of porous polymeric membranes is an important area of application in separation technology. This article summarizes the development of porous polymers from the perspectives of materials and methods for membrane production. Polymers such as polyethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polypropylene, polyimide, and polytetrafluoroethylene are reviewed due to their outstanding thermal stability, chemical resistance, mechanical strength, and low cost. Six different methods for membrane fabrication are critically reviewed, including thermally induced phase separation, melt-spinning and cold-stretching, phase separation micromolding, imprinting/soft molding, manual punching, and three-dimensional printing. Each method is described in details related to the strategy used to produce the porous polymeric membranes with a specific morphology and separation performances. The key factors associated with each method are presented, including solvent/non-solvent system type and composition, polymer solution composition and concentration, processing parameters, and ambient conditions. Current challenges are also described, leading to future development and innovation to improve these membranes in terms of materials, fabrication equipment, and possible modifications.
多孔聚合物膜的开发是分离技术中的一个重要应用领域。本文从制膜材料和方法的角度总结了多孔聚合物的发展情况。聚乙烯、聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚丙烯、聚酰亚胺和聚四氟乙烯等聚合物因其出色的热稳定性、耐化学性、机械强度和低成本而受到综述。本文对六种不同的制膜方法进行了批判性综述，包括热致相分离、熔融纺丝和冷拉伸、相分离微成型、压印/软成型、手工冲孔和三维打印。每种方法都根据用于制备具有特定形态和分离性能的多孔聚合物膜的策略进行了详细描述。介绍了与每种方法相关的关键因素，包括溶剂/非溶剂体系类型和组成、聚合物溶液组成和浓度、加工参数以及环境条件。还描述了当前面临的挑战，这些挑战将推动未来在材料、制造设备以及可能的改性方面对这些膜进行改进和创新。
