Jepson School of Leadership Studies, University of Richmond, 221 Richmond Way, Richmond, VA 23173, USA.
Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
Proc Biol Sci. 2019 Aug 14;286(1908):20191367. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1367. Epub 2019 Aug 7.
We propose that networks of cooperation and allocation of social status co-emerge in human groups. We substantiate this hypothesis with one of the first longitudinal studies of cooperation in a preindustrial society, spanning 8 years. Using longitudinal social network analysis of cooperation among men, we find large effects of kinship, reciprocity and transitivity in the nomination of cooperation partners over time. Independent of these effects, we show that (i) higher-status individuals gain more cooperation partners, and (ii) individuals gain status by cooperating with individuals of higher status than themselves. We posit that human hierarchies are more egalitarian relative to other primates species, owing in part to greater interdependence between cooperation and status hierarchy.
我们提出，合作网络和社会地位分配在人类群体中共同出现。我们通过对一个前工业化社会中合作的首次纵向研究之一来证实这一假设，该研究历时 8 年。通过对男性之间合作的纵向社会网络分析，我们发现亲缘关系、互惠和传递性在合作伙伴的提名中具有很大的影响。独立于这些影响，我们表明：（i）地位较高的个体获得更多的合作伙伴；（ii）个体通过与比自己地位更高的个体合作来获得地位。我们假设，人类的等级制度相对于其他灵长类物种更为平等，部分原因是合作和等级制度之间的相互依存关系更大。
