von Rueden Chris, Alami Sarah, Kaplan Hillard, Gurven Michael
Jepson School of Leadership Studies, University of Richmond, 28 Westhampton Way, Richmond, VA 23173, USA.
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Evol Hum Behav. 2018 Jul;39(4):402-411. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.03.005. Epub 2018 Mar 10.
We test the contribution of sex differences in physical formidability, education, and cooperation to the acquisition of political leadership in a small-scale society. Among forager-farmers from the Bolivian Amazon, we find that men are more likely to exercise different forms of political leadership, including verbal influence during community meetings, coordination of community projects, and dispute resolution. We show that these differences in leadership are not due to gender per se but are associated with men's greater number of cooperation partners, greater access to schooling, and greater body size and physical strength. Men's advantage in cooperation partner number is tied to their participation in larger groups and to the opportunity costs of women's intrahousehold labor. We argue these results highlight the mutual influence of sexual selection and the sexual division of labor in shaping how women and men acquire leadership.
我们检验了身体威慑力、教育程度和合作方面的性别差异对一个小规模社会中政治领导力获得的影响。在来自玻利维亚亚马逊地区的觅食-农耕者中，我们发现男性更有可能行使不同形式的政治领导权，包括在社区会议中的言语影响力、社区项目的协调以及争端解决。我们表明，这些领导权上的差异并非源于性别本身，而是与男性拥有更多的合作伙伴、更多接受学校教育的机会以及更大的体型和体力有关。男性在合作伙伴数量上的优势与他们参与更大规模群体以及女性家务劳动的机会成本有关。我们认为，这些结果凸显了性选择和劳动性别分工在塑造男女如何获得领导权方面的相互影响。
