Gioda Adriana, Tonietto Gisele Birman, Leon Antonio Ponce de
Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. R. Marquês de São Vicente 225, Gávea. 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
Cien Saude Colet. 2019 Aug 5;24(8):3079-3088. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232018248.23492017.
Indoor air pollution is exacerbated by the burning of firewood in rustic stoves and poorly ventilated environments. Exposure to the pollutants emitted by this type of fuel results in increased morbidity and mortality. In Brazil, studies and estimates regarding these conditions are scarce. In order to understand this problem, the objective of this work was to investigate the use of firewood using the data series of government agencies to estimate the number of exposed people. The results indicated that firewood is the second most used fuel for cooking, being used by a significant portion of the population, more than 30 million Brazilians. A decisive factor in the increased use of this fuel is the socioeconomic level of the population associated with the price of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The studies carried out in the country recorded high concentrations of particles during firewood burning, exceeding the limits suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). Associations were also observed between the exposure to the pollutants generated by the burning and the aggravation of health problems, among them respiratory diseases and cancer. Replacing fuelwood and other solid fuels with cleaner fuels should be the government's goal to minimize health costs.
乡村炉灶在通风不良的环境中燃烧木柴会加剧室内空气污染。接触此类燃料排放的污染物会导致发病率和死亡率上升。在巴西，关于这些情况的研究和估计很少。为了了解这个问题，这项工作的目的是利用政府机构的数据系列调查木柴的使用情况，以估计受影响人群的数量。结果表明，木柴是第二大常用烹饪燃料，很大一部分人口在使用，超过3000万巴西人。这种燃料使用增加的一个决定性因素是与液化石油气（LPG）价格相关的人口社会经济水平。该国进行的研究记录了木柴燃烧期间的高浓度颗粒物，超过了世界卫生组织（WHO）建议的限值。还观察到接触燃烧产生的污染物与健康问题加重之间存在关联，其中包括呼吸道疾病和癌症。用更清洁的燃料替代薪柴和其他固体燃料应是政府的目标，以尽量减少健康成本。
