Hussein Hawawu, Shamsipour Mansour, Yunesian Masud, Hasanvand Mohammad Sadegh, Fotouhi Akbar
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
African Union Scientific Technical and Research Commission, Abuja, Nigeria.
Heliyon. 2020 Jun 8;6(6):e04169. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04169. eCollection 2020 Jun.
We aimed to investigate the potential associations between exposure to fuel types for cooking and birth outcomes in Northern Region of Ghana. Third trimester pregnant women were recruited during antenatal visit to the hospital and followed-up till delivery. Three questionnaires were administered covering baseline information, exposure to fuel types, and birth outcomes. Adjusting for potential confounding factors, log binomial regression model was applied to investigate the association between low birth weights (LBW), preterm birth and perinatal deaths in mothers and fuel types. Of the 1626 participants recruited at baseline, about 1323 women in the delivery period completed the study. At delivery period, maternal mean (SD) age was 27.3 (5.2) years. Mothers who used charcoal and firewood for cooking had 1.47 times (95% CI 1.04-2.05) and 1.18 times (95% CI 0.83-1.69) increased in risk of preterm birth respectively after controlling for potential confounding variables. Although, non-significant, mothers who used charcoal had 1.34 times (95% CI 0.45-3.97) increased risk in LBW, while those who used firewood had 1.23 times (95% CI 0.41-3.71) risk in LBW. Similarly, babies of mothers who used charcoal and those who used firewood respectively had 1.72 times (95% CI 0.52-5.65) and 1.70 times (95% CI 0.49-5.92) risk in small for gestational age after controlling for maternal BMI at first visit and anemia. Lastly, mothers who used charcoal and those who used firewood respectively had 1.87 times (95% CI 0.29-11.64) and 2.02 times (95% CI 0.31-13.04) increased risk in perinatal mortality after controlling for potential confounding variables. We observed a significant association between charcoal and preterm birth. Also, we observed a non-significant association between charcoal and firewood users and LBW, SGA and perinatal mortality respectively, compared to those using gas or electricity. This suggests cooking with charcoal and firewood could have health consequences on the outcome of pregnancy.
我们旨在调查加纳北部地区烹饪所用燃料类型与出生结局之间的潜在关联。孕晚期孕妇在医院产前检查时被招募，并随访至分娩。发放了三份问卷，涵盖基线信息、燃料类型暴露情况和出生结局。在对潜在混杂因素进行调整后，应用对数二项回归模型来研究母亲低出生体重（LBW）、早产和围产期死亡与燃料类型之间的关联。在基线时招募的1626名参与者中，约1323名处于分娩期的女性完成了研究。在分娩期，母亲的平均（标准差）年龄为27.3（5.2）岁。在控制了潜在混杂变量后，使用木炭和木柴做饭的母亲早产风险分别增加了1.47倍（95%置信区间1.04 - 2.05）和1.18倍（95%置信区间0.83 - 1.69）。虽然不显著，但使用木炭的母亲低出生体重风险增加了1.34倍（95%置信区间0.45 - 3.97），而使用木柴的母亲低出生体重风险增加了1.23倍（95%置信区间0.41 - 3.71）。同样，在控制首次就诊时的母亲体重指数和贫血情况后，使用木炭和木柴的母亲所生婴儿小于胎龄的风险分别增加了1.72倍（95%置信区间0.52 - 5.65）和1.70倍（95%置信区间0.49 - 5.92）。最后，在控制潜在混杂变量后，使用木炭和木柴的母亲围产期死亡风险分别增加了1.87倍（95%置信区间0.29 - 11.64）和2.02倍（95%置信区间0.31 - 13.04）。我们观察到木炭与早产之间存在显著关联。此外，与使用燃气或电力的母亲相比，我们分别观察到使用木炭和木柴的母亲与低出生体重、小于胎龄和围产期死亡之间存在不显著的关联。这表明使用木炭和木柴做饭可能会对妊娠结局产生健康影响。
