Bashirian Saeed, Barati Majid, Shoar Leila Moaddab, Mohammadi Younes, Dogonchi Mitra
Department of Public Health, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
J Prev Med Public Health. 2019 Jul;52(4):224-233. doi: 10.3961/jpmph.18.277. Epub 2019 Jun 26.
In women, breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death. Screening tests are the basis for early diagnosis. In Iranian women, the mortality rate of breast cancer is high due to insufficient screening examinations and delayed visits for care. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the factors affecting breast self-examinations among Iranian women employed in medical careers.
This cross-sectional study included 501 women working in the medical professions at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in western Iran in 2018. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-developed, self-report questionnaire that contained demographic information and questions based on protection motivation theory and social support theory. Descriptive data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23 and model fitting with PLS version 2.
The mean age of the participants was 37.1±8.3 years, and most of the women (80.4%) were married. Most women had a bachelor's degree (67.5%). The findings of this study showed that the coping appraisal construct was a predictor of protection motivation (β=0.380, p<0.05), and protection motivation (β=0.604, p<0.05) was a predictor of breast self-examination behavior. Additionally, social support theory (β=0.202, p<0.05) had a significant positive effect on breast self-examination behavior.
The frequency of practicing self-examinations among women employees in the medical sector was low; considering the influence of social support as a factor promoting screening, it is necessary to pay attention to influential people in women's lives when designing educational interventions.
在女性中，乳腺癌是最常见的癌症，也是癌症死亡的主要原因。筛查测试是早期诊断的基础。在伊朗女性中，由于筛查检查不足和就诊延迟，乳腺癌死亡率很高。因此，本研究旨在确定影响从事医疗职业的伊朗女性进行乳房自我检查的因素。
这项横断面研究纳入了2018年在伊朗西部哈马丹医科大学从事医疗职业的501名女性。通过分层随机抽样选择研究对象。使用研究人员编制的自我报告问卷收集数据，该问卷包含人口统计学信息以及基于保护动机理论和社会支持理论的问题。使用SPSS 23版进行描述性数据分析，并使用PLS 2版进行模型拟合。
参与者的平均年龄为37.1±8.3岁，大多数女性（80.4%）已婚。大多数女性拥有学士学位（67.5%）。本研究结果表明，应对评估结构是保护动机的预测因素（β=0.380，p<0.05），保护动机（β=0.604，p<0.05）是乳房自我检查行为的预测因素。此外，社会支持理论（β=0.202，p<0.05）对乳房自我检查行为有显著的正向影响。
医疗部门女性员工进行自我检查的频率较低；考虑到社会支持作为促进筛查的一个因素的影响，在设计教育干预措施时，有必要关注女性生活中有影响力的人。
