Ogunbode A M, Fatiregun A A, Ogunbode O O
Department of Family Medicine, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Indian J Cancer. 2015 Oct-Dec;52(4):520-4. doi: 10.4103/0019-509X.178376.
The morbidity and mortality caused by breast cancer can be decreased by early detection with breast self-examination (BSE). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the factors determining the practice of BSE.
The study was conducted on 140 women aged above 18 years who presented consecutively in a General Outpatient's clinic in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. This was the baseline study from an intervention study which looked at the effect of demonstration of BSE on improving Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) among two groups of respondents. Structured questionnaires were validated and administered by an interviewer and the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 12.
The overall self-reported prevalence of BSE practice was 62.1% among the respondents. Older women (16, 76.2%), married women (63, 65.6%) and women with tertiary education (51, 68.9%) had the highest prevalence of BSE practice. Prevalence rate was highest for civil servant (25, 78.1%), P = 0.04. The practice of BSE was higher among women with a previous history of breast disease (15, 68.2%) and in respondents with a family history of breast disease (7, 63.6%), Only 11 (12.6%) performed BSE as per guidelines, which was once in a month.
The prevalence of BSE was found to be high, especially in those with tertiary education and in those with a past personal or family history of breast disease. In resource-constrained countries, BSE is a screening tool that can be employed to help reduce the breast cancer burden because routine mammography screening is not yet feasible. Women need to be informed about the when and how to perform BSE.
通过乳房自我检查（BSE）进行早期检测可降低乳腺癌所致的发病率和死亡率。本研究的目的是确定BSE的普及率以及决定其实施的因素。
该研究针对140名年龄在18岁以上的女性开展，这些女性连续前往尼日利亚一家三级医院的普通门诊就诊。这是一项干预研究的基线研究，该干预研究观察了BSE示范对两组受访者临床乳房检查（CBE）改善情况的影响。结构化问卷经验证后由一名访谈员进行发放，数据使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）12版进行分析。
受访者中自我报告的BSE总体普及率为62.1%。年龄较大的女性（16人，76.2%）、已婚女性（63人，65.6%）和受过高等教育的女性（51人，68.9%）的BSE普及率最高。公务员的普及率最高（25人，78.1%），P = 0.04。有乳腺癌既往病史的女性（15人，68.2%）以及有乳腺癌家族病史的受访者（7人，63.6%）中BSE的实施率更高。只有11人（12.6%）按照指南进行BSE，即每月一次。
发现BSE的普及率较高，尤其是在受过高等教育的人群以及有个人或家族乳腺癌病史的人群中。在资源有限的国家，BSE是一种可用于帮助减轻乳腺癌负担的筛查工具，因为常规乳腺钼靶筛查尚不具备可行性。需要告知女性何时以及如何进行BSE。
