Oluwasanmi Oluwaseyi Jacob, Mckenzie Devaunna Andrene, Adewole Idowu Oluwasegun, Aluka Christian O, Iyasse James, Olunu Esther, Fakoya Adegbenro Omotuyi
Department of Microbiology, All Saints University School of Medicine, Commonwealth of Dominica, Roseau, Dominica.
Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis.
Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2019 Jul-Sep;9(3):129-134. doi: 10.4103/ijabmr.IJABMR_333_18.
Postpolio syndrome (PPS) refers to a group of conditions that are present in patients, years after recovery from initial acute paralytic poliomyelitis. About 15%-80% of 20 million polio survivors worldwide will experience exacerbation of symptoms which typically appear 15-30 years after the resolution of initial poliomyelitis. Symptoms include new muscle weakness, fatigue, myalgia, joint pain, dysphagia, and difficulty breathing. Other reported symptoms include cold intolerance, sleep disorder, dysphonia, loss of stamina, musculoskeletal deformities, cardiovascular disorders, psychosocial problems, and restless legs syndrome. These symptoms are attributed to the superimposed neuronal loss of aging with inflammatory mechanisms, but without any convincing evidence of viral reactivation. Risk factors include female gender, respiratory symptoms, normal aging, permanent disability caused by motor neuron damage, muscle overuse and disuse, aging, and immunologic mechanisms. Hypothyroidism-induced myopathy and fibromyalgia are a differential diagnosis for PPS, and exclusion diagnosis is required as confirmatory criteria for PPS. The symptoms of PPS presented determine the course of management.
小儿麻痹后遗症（PPS）是指患者在最初的急性麻痹性脊髓灰质炎康复多年后出现的一组病症。全球2000万脊髓灰质炎幸存者中，约15% - 80%会出现症状加重，这些症状通常在最初的脊髓灰质炎病情缓解后15 - 30年出现。症状包括新出现的肌肉无力、疲劳、肌痛、关节疼痛、吞咽困难和呼吸困难。其他报告的症状包括不耐寒、睡眠障碍、发音障碍、耐力丧失、肌肉骨骼畸形、心血管疾病、心理社会问题和不宁腿综合征。这些症状归因于衰老导致的神经元叠加性丧失以及炎症机制，但没有任何令人信服的病毒再激活证据。风险因素包括女性、呼吸道症状、正常衰老、运动神经元损伤导致的永久性残疾、肌肉过度使用和废用、衰老以及免疫机制。甲状腺功能减退引起的肌病和纤维肌痛是小儿麻痹后遗症的鉴别诊断，作为小儿麻痹后遗症的确诊标准需要进行排除诊断。小儿麻痹后遗症出现的症状决定了治疗过程。
