Hasan Hasan, Burrows Maggie, Athauda Dilan S, Hellman Bruce, James Ben, Warner Thomas, Foltynie Thomas, Giovannoni Gavin, Lees Andrew J, Noyce Alastair J
Institute of Neurology Queen Square University College London, London UK.
Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences Institute of Neurology Queen Square, University College London, London UK.
Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2019 Jun 25;6(6):462-469. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.12798. eCollection 2019 Jul.
The BRadykinesia Akinesia INcoordination (BRAIN) tap test is an online keyboard tapping task that has been previously validated to assess upper limb motor function in Parkinson's disease (PD).
To develop a new parameter that detects a sequence effect and to reliably distinguish between PD patients and medication. In addition, we sought to validate a mobile version of the test for use on smartphones and tablet devices.
The BRAIN test scores in 61 patients with PD and 93 healthy controls were compared. A range of established parameters captured number and accuracy of alternate taps. The new velocity score recorded the intertap speed. Decrement in the velocity score was used as a marker for the sequence effect. In the validation phase, 19 PD patients and 19 controls were tested using different hardware including mobile devices.
Quantified slopes from the velocity score demonstrated bradykinesia (sequence effect) in PD patients (slope cut-off -0.002) with 58% sensitivity and 81% specificity (discovery phase of the study) and 65% sensitivity and 88% specificity (validation phase). All BRAIN test parameters differentiated between and medication states in PD. Differentiation between PD patients and controls was possible on all hardware versions of the test.
The BRAIN tap test is a simple, user-friendly, and free-to-use tool for the assessment of upper limb motor dysfunction in PD, which now includes a measure of bradykinesia.
运动迟缓、运动不能和不协调（BRAIN）轻敲测试是一项在线键盘轻敲任务，此前已被验证可用于评估帕金森病（PD）患者的上肢运动功能。
开发一种能够检测序列效应并可靠区分帕金森病患者与药物影响的新参数。此外，我们试图验证该测试的移动版本在智能手机和平板设备上的可用性。
比较了61例帕金森病患者和93名健康对照者的BRAIN测试得分。一系列既定参数记录了交替轻敲的次数和准确性。新的速度得分记录了每次轻敲之间的速度。速度得分的下降被用作序列效应的标志物。在验证阶段，使用包括移动设备在内的不同硬件对19例帕金森病患者和19名对照者进行了测试。
速度得分的量化斜率显示帕金森病患者存在运动迟缓（序列效应）（斜率临界值为-0.002），在研究的发现阶段敏感性为58%，特异性为81%；在验证阶段敏感性为65%，特异性为88%。所有BRAIN测试参数均可区分帕金森病患者的疾病状态与药物状态。在测试的所有硬件版本上，均可区分帕金森病患者与对照者。
BRAIN轻敲测试是一种用于评估帕金森病患者上肢运动功能障碍的简单、用户友好且免费使用的工具，现在还包括了一项运动迟缓测量指标。
