Desruelle Anne-Virginie, Louge Pierre, Richard Simone, Blatteau Jean-Eric, Gaillard Sandrine, De Maistre Sébastien, David Hélène, Risso Jean-Jacques, Vallée Nicolas
Unité Environnements Extrêmes, Département Environnement Opérationnel, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe Résidante de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon, France.
Service de Médecine Hyperbare et Expertise Plongée, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées, Toulon, France.
Front Physiol. 2019 Jul 24;10:933. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00933. eCollection 2019.
The prevention, prognosis and resolution of decompression sickness (DCS) are not satisfactory. The etiology of DCS has highlighted thrombotic and inflammatory phenomena that could cause severe neurological disorders or even death. Given the immunomodulatory effects described for minocycline, an antibiotic in widespread use, we have decided to explore its effects in an experimental model for decompression sickness. 40 control mice (Ctrl) and 40 mice treated orally with 90 mg/kg of minocycline (MINO) were subjected to a protocol in a hyperbaric chamber, compressed with air. The purpose was to mimic a scuba dive to a depth of 90 msw and its pathogenic decompression phase. Clinical examinations and blood counts were conducted after the return to the surface. For the first time they were completed by a simple infrared (IR) imaging technique in order to assess feasibility and its clinical advantage in differentiating the sick mice (DCS) from the healthy mice (NoDCS). In this tudy, exposure to the hyperbaric protocol provoked a reduction in the number of circulating leukocytes. DCS in mice, manifesting itself by paralysis or convulsion for example, is also associated with a fall in platelets count. Cold areas ( < 25°C) were detected by IR in the hind paws and tail with significant differences ( < 0.05) between DCS and NoDCS. Severe hypothermia was also shown in the DCS mice. The ROC analysis of the thermograms has made it possible to determine that an average tail temperature below 27.5°C allows us to consider the animals to be suffering from DCS (OR = 8; AUC = 0.754, = 0.0018). Minocycline modulates blood analysis and it seems to limit the mobilization of monocytes and granulocytes after the provocative dive. While a higher proportion of mice treated with minocycline experienced DCS symptoms, there is no significant difference. The infrared imaging has made it possible to show severe hypothermia. It suggests an modification of thermregulation in DCS animals. Surveillance by infrared camera is fast and it can aid the prognosis in the case of decompression sickness in mice.
减压病（DCS）的预防、预后和解决情况并不理想。DCS的病因突出了血栓形成和炎症现象，这些现象可能导致严重的神经紊乱甚至死亡。鉴于广泛使用的抗生素米诺环素具有免疫调节作用，我们决定在减压病实验模型中探究其效果。40只对照小鼠（Ctrl）和40只口服90毫克/千克米诺环素（MINO）的小鼠在高压舱中按照用空气压缩的方案进行实验。目的是模拟一次潜水至90米海水深度及其致病性减压阶段。返回水面后进行临床检查和血细胞计数。首次通过一种简单的红外（IR）成像技术完成这些检查，以评估其在区分患病小鼠（DCS）和健康小鼠（NoDCS）方面的可行性及其临床优势。在本研究中，暴露于高压方案导致循环白细胞数量减少。小鼠中的DCS表现为例如瘫痪或抽搐，也与血小板计数下降有关。通过红外检测到后爪和尾巴存在冷区（<25°C），DCS和NoDCS之间存在显著差异（<0.05）。DCS小鼠中也出现了严重体温过低的情况。热成像图的ROC分析使得能够确定平均尾巴温度低于27.5°C可使我们认为动物患有DCS（OR = 8；AUC = 0.754，P = 0.0018）。米诺环素调节血液分析，并且似乎限制了激发潜水后单核细胞和粒细胞的动员。虽然用米诺环素治疗的小鼠出现DCS症状的比例较高，但没有显著差异。红外成像使得能够显示严重体温过低。这表明DCS动物的体温调节发生了改变。通过红外摄像机进行监测速度快，并且可以辅助小鼠减压病情况下的预后判断。
