Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada.
Lab. Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Aug 8;20(16):3877. doi: 10.3390/ijms20163877.
The immune response is essential to protect organisms from infection and an altered self. An organism's overall metabolic status is now recognized as an important and long-overlooked mediator of immunity and has spurred new explorations of immune-related metabolic abnormalities. Peroxisomes are essential metabolic organelles with a central role in the synthesis and turnover of complex lipids and reactive species. Peroxisomes have recently been identified as pivotal regulators of immune functions and inflammation in the development and during infection, defining a new branch of immunometabolism. This review summarizes the current evidence that has helped to identify peroxisomes as central regulators of immunity and highlights the peroxisomal proteins and metabolites that have acquired relevance in human pathologies for their link to the development of inflammation, neuropathies, aging and cancer. This review then describes how peroxisomes govern immune signaling strategies such as phagocytosis and cytokine production and their relevance in fighting bacterial and viral infections. The mechanisms by which peroxisomes either control the activation of the immune response or trigger cellular metabolic changes that activate and resolve immune responses are also described.
免疫反应对于保护生物体免受感染和自身改变至关重要。生物体的整体代谢状态现在被认为是免疫的一个重要且长期被忽视的调节剂，并促使人们对与免疫相关的代谢异常进行新的探索。过氧化物酶体是必需的代谢细胞器，在复杂脂质和反应性物质的合成和周转中发挥核心作用。过氧化物酶体最近被确定为免疫功能和炎症在发育和感染过程中的关键调节者，定义了免疫代谢的一个新分支。本综述总结了有助于将过氧化物体鉴定为免疫中央调节剂的现有证据，并强调了过氧化物体蛋白和代谢物在人类病理学中的相关性，因为它们与炎症、神经病变、衰老和癌症的发展有关。然后，本综述描述了过氧化物体如何控制吞噬作用和细胞因子产生等免疫信号策略，以及它们在对抗细菌和病毒感染方面的相关性。还描述了过氧化物体控制免疫反应激活或触发细胞代谢变化以激活和解决免疫反应的机制。
