Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, School of Health Care Sciences, P O Box 215, Ga-Rankuwa, MEDUNSA, 0204, South Africa.
BMC Public Health. 2019 Aug 9;19(1):1087. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7412-y.
In South Africa, the occurrence of the double burden of malnutrition is on the rise at a household level predisposing children and their mothers to negative health outcomes. However, few studies have been conducted at a household level. Therefore, we studied a double burden of malnutrition using child-mother pairs in a rural setting.
A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted among 508 child-mother pairs selected from primary schools using a multistage sampling in a rural Dikgale Health and Demographic Site in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Anthropometric measurements of children and mothers, and socio-demographic data were collected. WHO AnthroPlus was used to generate body-mass-index z-scores of children and the BMI was used to indicate overweight and obesity among the mothers. Mann Whitney test was used to compare the means of variables between sexes and age groups, while the prevalence of thinness and overweight/obesity were compared using a chi-square. Multivariate logistic regression with a stepwise backward elimination procedure, controlling for confounding, was used to determine the association between the thinness and overweight/obesity and the covariates.
Twenty five percent (25%) of the children were thin, 4% were overweight and 1% obese, while mothers were overweight (27.4%) and 42.3% obesity (42.3%) were observed among the mothers. The odds of being thin were higher in boys than in girls (AOR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.01-2.35). Overweight/obese mothers were more likely to have thin children (AOR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.01-2.18) and less likely to have overweight/obese children (AOR = 0.18, 95%CI: 0.07-0.46).
A double burden of malnutrition was observed on a household level with thinness among children and overweight/obesity among mothers. A need to address the dual problems of undernutrition and rapidly rising trends of overweight/obesity cannot be over-emphasized.
在南非，家庭层面营养不良的双重负担发生率正在上升，使儿童及其母亲面临不良健康后果。然而，很少有研究在家庭层面进行。因此，我们在农村地区研究了儿童-母亲对子集中的营养不良双重负担。
在南非林波波省 Dikgale 健康和人口学现场，使用多级抽样从小学中选择了 508 对儿童-母亲进行了横断面定量调查。收集了儿童和母亲的人体测量学测量值和社会人口统计学数据。使用 WHO AnthroPlus 生成儿童的体重指数 z 分数，并使用 BMI 表示母亲超重和肥胖。使用 Mann Whitney 检验比较性别和年龄组之间的变量均值，使用卡方比较消瘦和超重/肥胖的患病率。使用逐步向后消除程序的多变量逻辑回归，控制混杂因素，确定消瘦和超重/肥胖与协变量之间的关联。
25%的儿童消瘦，4%超重，1%肥胖，而母亲超重（27.4%）和肥胖（42.3%）。男孩消瘦的可能性高于女孩（AOR=1.53，95%CI：1.01-2.35）。超重/肥胖的母亲更有可能有消瘦的孩子（AOR=1.48，95%CI：1.01-2.18），而不太可能有超重/肥胖的孩子（AOR=0.18，95%CI：0.07-0.46）。
家庭层面观察到营养不良的双重负担，儿童消瘦，母亲超重/肥胖。不能过分强调解决营养不良和超重/肥胖迅速上升趋势的双重问题的必要性。
