Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
Protoplasma. 2020 Jan;257(1):119-139. doi: 10.1007/s00709-019-01426-7. Epub 2019 Aug 9.
Leaves of Rubus idaeus are a raw material, ingredients of herbal blend, and a source of antioxidants. There are no data concerning histochemistry of trichomes, and little is known about the leaf structure of this species. The aim of this study was to determine the histochemistry of active compounds and the structure of glandular trichomes, micromorphology, anatomy, and ultrastructure of leaves as well as content of elements. To determine the histochemistry of glandular trichomes, different chemical compounds were used. The leaf structure was analysed using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopes. The content of elements was determined with atomic absorption spectrometry, and the microanalysis of the epidermis ultrastructure was carried out with a transmission electron microscope equipped with a digital X-ray analyser. In glandular trichomes, polyphenols, terpenes, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates were identified. The main elements in the ultrastructure of the epidermis were Na, Mo, Se, Ca, and Mg. In dry matter of leaves, K, Mg, Ca, P, and Fe were dominant. Infusions from leaves are safe for health in terms of the Cd and Pb concentrations. Leaves can be a valuable raw material. Non-glandular trichomes prevent clumping of mixed raw materials in herbal mixtures.
悬钩子属植物的叶子是一种原材料，是草药混合物的成分，也是抗氧化剂的来源。目前还没有关于腺毛组织化学的相关数据，对该物种的叶片结构也知之甚少。本研究旨在确定活性化合物的组织化学特性、腺毛的结构、叶片的微观形态、解剖结构和超微结构以及元素含量。为了确定腺毛的组织化学特性，使用了不同的化学化合物。采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对叶片结构进行了分析。采用原子吸收光谱法测定元素含量，并用配备数字 X 射线分析仪的透射电子显微镜对表皮超微结构的微分析。在腺毛中鉴定出多酚、萜类化合物、脂类、蛋白质和碳水化合物。表皮超微结构中的主要元素是 Na、Mo、Se、Ca 和 Mg。在叶片的干物质中，K、Mg、Ca、P 和 Fe 占主导地位。从叶片中提取的浸剂在 Cd 和 Pb 浓度方面对健康是安全的。叶片可以成为有价值的原材料。非腺毛可以防止草药混合物中混合原料的结块。
