Sharif Iram, Aleem Saba, Farooq Jehanzeb, Rizwan Muhammad, Younas Abia, Sarwar Ghulam, Chohan Shahid Munir
1Cotton Research Station, AARI, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2Vegetable Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2019 Jul;25(4):807-820. doi: 10.1007/s12298-019-00676-2. Epub 2019 Jun 20.
Cotton is classified as moderately salt tolerant crop with salinity threshold level of 7.7 dS m. Salinity is a serious threat for cotton growth, yield and fiber quality. The sensitivity to salt stress depends upon growth stage and type of salt. Understanding of cotton response to salinity, its resistance mechanism and looking into management techniques may assist in formulating strategies to improve cotton performance under saline condition. The studies have showed that germination, emergence and seedling stages are more sensitive to salinity stress as compared to later stages. Salt stress results in delayed flowering, less fruiting positions, fruit shedding and reduced boll weight which ultimately affect seed cotton yield. Depressed activities of metabolic enzymes viz: acidic invertase, alkaline invertase and sucrose phophate synthase lead to fiber quality deterioration in salinity. Excessive sodium exclusion or its compartmentation is the main adaptive mechanism in cotton under salt stress. Up regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants genes offer important adaptive potential to develop salt tolerant cotton varieties. Seed priming is also an effective approach for improving cotton germination in saline soils. Intra and inter variation in cotton germplasm could be used to develop salt tolerant varieties with the aid of marker assisted selection. Furthermore, transgenic approach could be the promising option for enhancing cotton production under saline condition. It is suggested that future research may be carried out with the combination of conventional and advance molecular technology to develop salt tolerant cultivars.
棉花被归类为耐盐性中等的作物，盐度阈值水平为7.7 dS m。盐度对棉花的生长、产量和纤维品质构成严重威胁。对盐胁迫的敏感性取决于生长阶段和盐的类型。了解棉花对盐度的反应、其抗性机制并研究管理技术，可能有助于制定策略以提高棉花在盐渍条件下的表现。研究表明，与后期阶段相比，发芽、出苗和幼苗期对盐胁迫更为敏感。盐胁迫导致开花延迟、结果位置减少、落果和棉铃重量减轻，最终影响籽棉产量。代谢酶即酸性转化酶、碱性转化酶和蔗糖磷酸合酶的活性降低导致盐度下纤维品质恶化。过量的钠排斥或其区室化是棉花在盐胁迫下的主要适应机制。酶促和非酶促抗氧化剂基因的上调为培育耐盐棉花品种提供了重要的适应潜力。种子引发也是提高盐渍土壤中棉花发芽率的有效方法。棉花种质内和种间的变异可用于借助标记辅助选择培育耐盐品种。此外，转基因方法可能是在盐渍条件下提高棉花产量的有前景的选择。建议未来的研究可以结合传统和先进的分子技术来培育耐盐品种。
