IFNH Center for Health and Human Performance, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Oct;33(10):2622-2628. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003264.
Walker, AJ, McFadden, BA, Sanders, DJ, Rabideau, MM, Hofacker, ML, and Arent, SM. Biomarker response to a competitive season in Division I female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2622-2628, 2019-The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of training load (TL) on performance and biomarkers of health, performance, and recovery in Division I female soccer players throughout a competitive season. Subjects (N = 25, Mage = 20 ± 1.1 years) were monitored before the start of preseason and every 4-weeks thereafter (T1-T5). A battery of performance tests was administered before the start of preseason (P1) and end-of-season (P2), including body composition (percent body fat [%BF], fat free mass [FFM], and fat mass), vertical jump (VJ), and VO2max. Blood draws were conducted at every time point (T1-T5) to assess free and total cortisol (CORTF and CORTT), prolactin (PRL), T3, IL-6, creatine kinase (CK), sex-hormone binding globulin, omega-3 (n-3FA), vitamin-D (Vit-D), iron (Fe), hematocrit (HcT), ferritin (Fer), percent saturation (%Sat), and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). Daily exercise energy expenditure (EEE) and TL were determined. There were significant declines in VO2max, VJ, weight, and %BF from P1-P2 (p < 0.05) with no significant differences in FFM. Training load and EEE significantly decreased from T1-T3 (p < 0.05). Significant increases were seen in CORTT, CORTF, PRL, T3, IL-6, CK, and TIBC throughout the season (p < 0.05). Significant decreases were seen in n-3FA, Fe, Fer, %Sat, and Hct throughout the season (p < 0.05). Female athletes experience significant physiological changes following high TL and EEE associated with preseason and appear to be further exacerbated by the cumulative effects of the season. Unique insights provided by biomarkers enable athletes and coaches to be cognizant of the physiological changes that are occurring throughout the season.
沃克、麦克法登、桑德斯、拉比多、霍法克和阿伦特。I 级女子足球运动员竞技赛季的训练负荷对生物标志物的影响。《力量与调节研究杂志》33(10)：2622-2628，2019-本研究旨在评估训练负荷（TL）对 I 级女子足球运动员整个竞技赛季的健康、表现和恢复生物标志物的影响。受试者（N=25，平均年龄=20±1.1 岁）在赛季前和此后每 4 周（T1-T5）进行监测。在赛季前（P1）和赛季末（P2）进行了一系列性能测试，包括身体成分（体脂百分比[%BF]、去脂体重[FFM]和脂肪量）、垂直跳跃（VJ）和最大摄氧量。在每个时间点（T1-T5）进行血液采集，以评估游离和总皮质醇（CORTF 和 CORTT）、催乳素（PRL）、T3、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肌酸激酶（CK）、性激素结合球蛋白、ω-3（n-3FA）、维生素-D（Vit-D）、铁（Fe）、红细胞压积（HcT）、铁蛋白（Fer）、饱和度（%Sat）和总铁结合能力（TIBC）。确定了每日运动能量消耗（EEE）和 TL。从 P1 到 P2，VO2max、VJ、体重和%BF 均显著下降（p<0.05），FFM 无显著差异。从 T1 到 T3，TL 和 EEE 显著下降（p<0.05）。整个赛季 CORTT、CORTF、PRL、T3、IL-6、CK 和 TIBC 均显著升高（p<0.05）。整个赛季 n-3FA、Fe、Fer、%Sat 和 HcT 均显著降低（p<0.05）。女性运动员在高 TL 和与赛季前相关的 EEE 后经历了显著的生理变化，并且似乎因赛季的累积效应而进一步加剧。生物标志物提供的独特见解使运动员和教练能够意识到整个赛季发生的生理变化。
