Bruce Amy F, Theeke Laurie, Mallow Jennifer
West Virginia University Institute of Technology, Department of Nursing, Montgomery, WV, USA.
West Virginia University School of Nursing, Department of Adult Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Int J Nurs Sci. 2017 Jun 1;4(3):225-235. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2017.05.005. eCollection 2017 Jul 10.
Skin cancer rates have risen over the past decades, making it imperative that adults understand the need for protection from sun exposure. Though some risk factors have been identified as predictive for skin cancers, there is a lack of synthesized information about factors that influence adults in their decisions to engage in sun protective behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to present the current state of the science on influential factors for sun protective behaviors in the general adult population. A rigorous literature search inclusive of a generally White, Caucasian, and non-Hispanic adult population was performed, and screening yielded 18 quantitative studies for inclusion in this review. Findings indicate that modifiable and non-modifiable factors are interdependent and play a role in sun protective behaviors. This study resulted in a proposed conceptual model for affecting behavioral change in sun protection including the following factors: personal characteristics, cognitive factors, family dynamics, and social/peer group influences. These factors are introduced to propose tailored nursing interventions that would change current sun protective behavior practice. Key implications for nursing research and practice focus on feasibility of annual skin cancer screening facilitated by advanced practice nurses, incorporating the identified influential factors to reduce skin cancer risk and unnecessary sun exposure.
在过去几十年中，皮肤癌发病率不断上升，这使得成年人必须了解防晒的必要性。尽管已确定一些风险因素可预测皮肤癌，但缺乏关于影响成年人采取防晒行为决策的因素的综合信息。本文旨在介绍普通成年人群中防晒行为影响因素的科学现状。我们进行了一项严格的文献检索，涵盖一般白人、高加索人和非西班牙裔成年人群体，筛选出18项定量研究纳入本综述。研究结果表明，可改变和不可改变的因素相互依存，并在防晒行为中发挥作用。本研究提出了一个影响防晒行为改变的概念模型，包括以下因素：个人特征、认知因素、家庭动态以及社会/同伴群体影响。引入这些因素是为了提出针对性的护理干预措施，以改变当前的防晒行为习惯。护理研究和实践的关键意义在于，由高级实践护士推动的年度皮肤癌筛查的可行性，纳入已确定的影响因素以降低皮肤癌风险和不必要的阳光暴露。
