University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
Res Aging. 2019 Dec;41(10):1014-1035. doi: 10.1177/0164027519865310. Epub 2019 Aug 13.
The positivity effect among older adults is a tendency to process more positive and/or less negative emotional stimuli compared to younger adults, with unknown upper age boundaries. Cognitive and emotional working memory were assessed in young-old adults (60-75) and very old adults (VOAs; 80+) to determine whether emotional working memory declines similar to the age-related decline of cognitive working memory. The moderating role of valence on the link between age and emotional working memory was examined to identify change in positivity effect with advanced age. Electroencephalography (EEG) markers of cognitive workload and engagement were obtained to test the theory of cognitive resource allocation in older adults' emotional stimuli processing. EEG recordings were collected during cognitive memory task and emotional working memory tasks that required rating emotional intensity of images pairs. Results indicate a positivity effect among VOAs that does not require additional cognitive effort and is not likely to diminish with age.
老年人的积极性效应是指与年轻人相比，老年人更倾向于处理更多的积极情绪刺激和/或更少的消极情绪刺激，但其上限年龄尚不清楚。本研究评估了年轻老年人（60-75 岁）和非常老年人（80 岁以上）的认知和情绪工作记忆，以确定情绪工作记忆是否会像认知工作记忆随年龄增长而下降一样下降。研究还检验了效价在年龄与情绪工作记忆之间的联系中的调节作用，以确定随着年龄的增长，积极性效应的变化。本研究还获得了脑电图（EEG）认知工作量和参与度的标志物，以检验认知资源分配理论在老年人处理情绪刺激中的作用。在认知记忆任务和情绪工作记忆任务期间记录 EEG 记录，这些任务需要对图像对的情绪强度进行评分。结果表明，非常老年人中存在积极性效应，这种效应不需要额外的认知努力，也不太可能随着年龄的增长而减弱。
