Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, O/2 building room 11E05, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the
Eur Cell Mater. 2019 Aug 14;38:63-78. doi: 10.22203/eCM.v038a06.
Epithelium attachment to the tooth or abutment surface is necessary to form a biological seal preventing pathogens and irritants from penetrating the body and reaching the underlying soft tissues and bone, which in turn can lead to inflammation and subsequent bone resorption. The present review investigated oral wound closure and the role of micro-environment, saliva, crevicular fluid and microbiota in wound healing. The importance of the junctional epithelium (peri-implant epithelium) attachment to the abutment surface was investigated. Current research focuses on macro-design, surface-topography, surface-chemistry, materials, coatings and wettability to enhance attachment, since these optimised surface properties are expected to promote keratinocyte attachment and spreading through hemi-desmosome formation. Detailed studies describing the extent of junctional epithelium attachment - e.g. barrier function, hemi-desmosomes, epithelium quality, composition of the external basement membrane or ability of the epithelium to resist microbial penetration and colonisation - are not yet reported in animals due to ethical considerations, scalability, expense, technical challenges and limited availability of antibodies. In vitro studies generally include relatively simple 2D culture models, which lack the complexity required to draw relevant conclusions. Additionally, human organotypic 3D mucosa models are being developed. The present review concluded that more research using these organotypic mucosa models may identify relevant parameters involved in soft-tissue-abutment interactions, which could be used to study different macro-shapes and surface modifications. Such studies would bridge the gap between clinical, animal and traditional in vitro cell culture studies supporting development of abutments aiming at improved clinical performance.
上皮细胞附着于牙齿或基台表面对于形成生物学密封至关重要，该密封可防止病原体和刺激物渗透进入人体并到达下方的软组织和骨骼，否则可能导致炎症和随后的骨质吸收。本综述调查了口腔伤口闭合以及微环境、唾液、龈沟液和微生物群在伤口愈合中的作用。还研究了连接上皮（种植体上皮）附着于基台表面的重要性。目前的研究重点是宏观设计、表面形貌、表面化学、材料、涂层和润湿性，以增强附着，因为这些优化的表面特性有望通过半桥粒的形成促进角质形成细胞的附着和扩展。由于伦理考虑、可扩展性、费用、技术挑战和有限的抗体可用性，目前尚未在动物中详细描述连接上皮附着的程度，例如屏障功能、半桥粒、上皮质量、外部基膜的组成或上皮抵抗微生物渗透和定植的能力。体外研究通常包括相对简单的 2D 培养模型，这些模型缺乏得出相关结论所需的复杂性。此外，还在开发人类器官型 3D 黏膜模型。本综述得出结论，使用这些器官型黏膜模型进行更多研究可能会确定涉及软组织-基台相互作用的相关参数，这些参数可用于研究不同的宏观形状和表面修饰。此类研究将填补临床、动物和传统体外细胞培养研究之间的空白，有助于开发旨在提高临床性能的基台。
