National Research Centre for the Working Environment,Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2019 Nov 1;45(6):610-621. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3842. Epub 2019 Aug 11.
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the association of physical capability with health-related labor market outcomes among older workers. Methods The prospective risk of disability pension and long-term sickness absence (LTSA) of ≥6 weeks was estimated from physical capability on 5076 older workers (age 49-63 years) from the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank (CAMB). Physical capability was objectively measured through nine different tests (jump performance, postural balance, chair-rise, explosive muscle strength, maximal strength of the hand, back and abdominal muscles, lung capacity, and aerobic fitness) and linked to a high-quality register on social transfer payments among all Danish residents. Cox-regression analyses estimated the association of physical capability with risk of disability pension and LTSA. Results For all measures, low physical capability [≥1 standard deviation (SD) below the mean for each gender] was associated with increased risk of disability pension and/or LTSA, whereas high physical capability (≥1 SD above the mean for each gender) was not. A capability-response association was observed between the number of tests with low capability and disability pension and LTSA (P<0.0001) - with the risk-estimate for disability pension being 8.52 (95% confidence interval 3.98-18.25) when low capability was present in ≥5 physical tests. Population attributable risks analyses indicate that 42% of the disability pension cases were attributable to low physical capability whereas this was the case for 12% of the LTSA cases. Conclusions Using objective measures of predictors and outcomes, our study shows that low physical capability in midlife was associated with increased risk of disability pension and LTSA. The results indicate that increasing physical capability to an average level among older workers with low capability could potentially contribute to preventing >40% of premature exits from the labor market.
目的 本研究旨在确定身体能力与老年工人健康相关劳动力市场结果之间的关联。
方法 从哥本哈根老龄化和中年生物库（CAMB）中的 5076 名年龄在 49-63 岁的老年工人中，通过 9 项不同的测试（跳跃表现、姿势平衡、坐起、爆发力、手部、背部和腹部肌肉最大力量、肺活量和有氧健身）来衡量身体能力，并将其与丹麦所有居民的高质量社会转移支付登记册联系起来，以估计残疾养老金和长期病假（LTSA）的风险。Cox 回归分析评估了身体能力与残疾养老金和 LTSA 风险的相关性。
结果 对于所有指标，低身体能力（每个性别均低于平均值≥1 个标准差）与残疾养老金和/或 LTSA 的风险增加相关，而高身体能力（每个性别均高于平均值≥1 个标准差）则不然。在残疾养老金和 LTSA 中观察到能力反应关系与低能力测试数量之间的关联（P<0.0001）-当≥5 项身体测试存在低能力时，残疾养老金的风险估计值为 8.52（95%置信区间 3.98-18.25）。人群归因风险分析表明，42%的残疾养老金病例归因于低身体能力，而 LTSA 病例则为 12%。
结论 使用预测和结果的客观指标，我们的研究表明，中年时期的低身体能力与残疾养老金和 LTSA 的风险增加有关。研究结果表明，提高低能力老年工人的身体能力至平均水平，可能有助于防止 40%以上的劳动力市场过早退出。
