Kiani Maryam, Salehi Mohammad, Mogheiseh Asghar
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, shiraz, Iran.
Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran.
Zygote. 2019 Oct;27(5):263-271. doi: 10.1017/S0967199419000340. Epub 2019 Aug 15.
Infertility is an important reproductive health problem, and male infertility is especially important in more than half of infertility cases. Due to the importance of genetic factors in this condition, analysis of semen alone is not enough to recognize men with idiopathic infertility. A molecular non-invasive investigation is necessary to gain valuable information. Currently, microRNAs (miRNAs) are being used as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers. miRNAs, single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules, act as post-transcriptional gene silencing regulators either by inhibition or repression of translation. Changes in the regulation of miRNAs have been investigated in several different types of male infertility, therefore the biological role of miRNA and gene targets has been defined. The purpose of this study was to review recent research on the altered expression of miRNA in semen, sperm, and testicular biopsy samples in infertile males with different types of unexplained infertility. Changes in miRNA regulation were investigated using microarray and the miRNA levels were confirmed by real-time qRT-PCR. This review explains why creating a non-invasive diagnostic method for male infertility is necessary and how changes in miRNA expression can be used as new diagnostic biomarkers in patients with differing spermatogenic and histopathologic injury.
不孕症是一个重要的生殖健康问题，在超过半数的不孕病例中，男性不育尤为关键。鉴于遗传因素在该病症中的重要性，仅对精液进行分析不足以识别特发性不育男性。进行分子非侵入性研究以获取有价值的信息很有必要。目前，微小RNA（miRNA）正被用作非侵入性诊断生物标志物。miRNA是单链非编码RNA分子，通过抑制或阻遏翻译发挥转录后基因沉默调节因子的作用。在几种不同类型的男性不育症中，均对miRNA调控的变化进行了研究，因此miRNA和基因靶点的生物学作用已得到明确。本研究的目的是回顾近期关于不同类型不明原因不育男性精液、精子和睾丸活检样本中miRNA表达改变的研究。使用微阵列研究miRNA调控的变化，并通过实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）确认miRNA水平。本综述解释了为何有必要创建一种男性不育的非侵入性诊断方法，以及miRNA表达的变化如何用作不同生精和组织病理学损伤患者的新型诊断生物标志物。
