School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Dec 10;695:133810. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133810. Epub 2019 Aug 6.
Between June and November 2017, leachate samples were collected from 40 landfills across the Republic of Ireland. Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) determined in these samples were within the range previously reported in other countries. Average concentrations of PFASs exceeded those of PBDEs and HBCDD; likely due to the higher water solubility of PFASs. Log-transformed concentrations of BDEs-47, 100, 153, and 183, as well as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in leachate from newer, lined landfills than in samples from unlined landfills. These higher concentrations in lined landfills are likely related to the fact that lined landfills are found to retain organic matter leading to a higher organic content of leachate from such landfills. This is evidenced by the significant (p < 0.05) correlation between log-transformed concentrations in leachate of most of the same contaminants and those of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Concentrations of the less water-soluble, higher molecular weight BDE-209 were not correlated with leachate COD, nor landfill age or the presence of a landfill liner. This suggests that the presence of BDE-209 in landfill leachate is driven more by physical abrasion of particles and fibres from waste articles, than dissolution into the aqueous phase. The higher concentrations of some PFASs and PBDEs in leachate from lined landfills present a challenge with respect to leachate disposal, when leachate is sent to wastewater treatment plants that do not necessarily have mechanisms in place to remove or destroy these chemicals prior to discharge into the environment. Moreover, the presence of these persistent organic chemicals in leachate from unlined landfills raises concerns about releases to the environment including groundwater over the lifetime of such landfills and beyond.
2017 年 6 月至 11 月，从爱尔兰共和国各地的 40 个垃圾填埋场采集了渗滤液样本。这些样本中测定的全氟烷基物质（PFAS）、多溴二苯醚（PBDE）和六溴环十二烷（HBCDD）浓度处于其他国家此前报告的范围内。PFAS 的平均浓度高于 PBDE 和 HBCDD；可能是由于 PFAS 的水溶性更高。BDE-47、100、153 和 183 的对数转化浓度以及全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟壬酸（PFNA）和全氟丁烷磺酸（PFBS）在较新的衬垫垃圾填埋场的渗滤液中的浓度明显（p<0.05）高于无衬垫垃圾填埋场的样本。衬垫垃圾填埋场中这些更高的浓度可能与衬垫垃圾填埋场被发现保留有机物从而导致此类垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的有机物含量更高的事实有关。这一点从渗滤液中大多数相同污染物的对数转化浓度与化学需氧量（COD）之间的显著（p<0.05）相关性中得到了证实。低水溶性、高分子量 BDE-209 的浓度与渗滤液 COD、垃圾填埋场年龄或填埋场衬垫的存在均无相关性。这表明 BDE-209 存在于垃圾填埋场渗滤液中更多是由于废物颗粒和纤维的物理磨损，而不是溶解到水相中。衬垫垃圾填埋场渗滤液中某些 PFAS 和 PBDE 的浓度较高，给渗滤液处理带来了挑战，因为渗滤液被送到废水处理厂，这些处理厂不一定有机制在排放到环境之前去除或破坏这些化学物质。此外，无衬垫垃圾填埋场渗滤液中存在这些持久性有机化学物质，令人担忧这些化学物质会在垃圾填埋场的整个生命周期及之后释放到环境中，包括地下水。
