Department of Psychology, Humboldt University, Rudower Chaussee 18, Berlin, 12489, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12203, Germany.
Asian J Psychiatr. 2019 Oct;45:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.07.015. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
Stigma towards mental illness influences help-seeking behavior and prevents individuals with a mental illness from seeking the appropriate treatment for their condition. In Turkey, a shift from inpatient psychiatric mental health care towards a community-based, low-threshold system highlights the importance of understanding public attitudes towards the mentally ill. This study aims to underpin developments in mental health care through culturally sensitive research. Public stigma towards schizophrenia and depression is examined for the first time simultaneously in a community sample. Unlabeled case vignettes of either schizophrenia or depression as well as an assessment of mental illness attribution and the desire for social distance (SDS) were presented to an urban Turkish sample (N = 295). Analysis of variance revealed that attribution to mental illness determines significant levels of stigma for schizophrenia, however not for depression. Furthermore, desire for social distance (SDS) was significantly higher for the schizophrenia condition compared to depression. Depression and schizophrenia evoke different reactions within the Turkish population, specifically the attribution to mental illness increases stigma. This finding is discussed in light of the contact hypothesis, and furthermore contextualized within literature on familiarity with depression symptoms on the one hand, and perceived dangerousness and symptom severity of schizophrenia on the other hand. Implementation of timely and culturally sensitive adapted interventions within the ongoing reform of the Turkish mental health care system is recommended.
对精神疾病的污名化影响了寻求帮助的行为，使患有精神疾病的人无法寻求适当的治疗。在土耳其，从住院精神病治疗向以社区为基础、低门槛的系统转变，凸显了了解公众对精神病患者态度的重要性。本研究旨在通过对文化敏感的研究为精神卫生保健的发展提供支持。首次在社区样本中同时检查了对精神分裂症和抑郁症的公众污名。向土耳其城市样本（N=295）展示了未标记的精神分裂症或抑郁症的案例描述以及对精神疾病归因和社会距离（SDS）的评估。方差分析表明，精神疾病的归因决定了对精神分裂症的显著程度的污名，但对抑郁症则不然。此外，与抑郁症相比，对精神分裂症的社会距离（SDS）的渴望明显更高。在土耳其人口中，抑郁症和精神分裂症引起了不同的反应，特别是精神疾病的归因增加了污名。这一发现是根据接触假说讨论的，并进一步在对抑郁症症状熟悉程度的文献和对精神分裂症的危险性和症状严重程度的认识的文献的背景下进行讨论。建议在土耳其精神卫生保健系统的持续改革中实施及时和文化敏感的适应性干预措施。
