Schott Tobias, Blume Marie, Weiß Anne, Sander Christian, Schomerus Georg
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.
Front Psychiatry. 2025 Jun 10;16:1556411. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1556411. eCollection 2025.
People with mental disorders face various barriers on the road to treatment. People who have experienced injustice of the state apparatus of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in the form of various reprisals are a group that has received insufficient attention in research. Some of them still show long-term psychological and physical consequences that occur more frequently than in the general population, resulting in an increased need for treatment. There are currently no studies on how those affected are perceived by practitioners due to their history and whether they are exposed to stigmatizing attitudes.
A vignette-based survey was carried out to identify possible stigmatising attitudes. An independent opinion and survey institute conducted the study in three phases in December 2022, April 2023 and May to August 2024 using an online survey. A total of =1357 practitioners from the German healthcare system were presented one of four case vignettes. The two vignettes described a person with mental health difficulties who had either experienced an unremarkable socialization in the GDR (A) or had suffered injustice in the GDR (B). In addition to socio-demographic variables, stereotypes, emotional reactions and desire for social distance towards the person described were recorded.
Age and sex as well as subjective knowledge about the GDR, the occupational group and the working environment influence the intensity of emotional reactions as well as the desire for social distance and the extent of negative stereotypical attitudes. The presentation of a case vignette that deals with an experience of SED injustice favours a decrease in positive and an increase in negative stereotypes. The explanatory power of the regression models is predominantly in the medium range (from 9.7 till 35.3%).
Even more than three decades after the reunification of Germany, people with mental health problems and an experience of SED injustice in the GDR still experience stigmatizing attitudes on the part of those treating them. Stigmatizing attitudes can affect treatment and care.
精神障碍患者在治疗之路上面临各种障碍。那些曾以各种报复形式遭受德意志民主共和国（东德）国家机构不公正对待的人，是一个在研究中未得到充分关注的群体。他们中的一些人仍表现出长期的心理和生理后果，其出现频率高于普通人群，导致治疗需求增加。目前尚无关于从业者如何看待这些受影响者的过往经历以及他们是否面临污名化态度的研究。
开展了一项基于 vignette 的调查，以确定可能的污名化态度。一家独立的民意调查机构于 2022 年 12 月、2023 年 4 月以及 2024 年 5 月至 8 月分三个阶段通过在线调查进行了此项研究。德国医疗系统的共计 1357 名从业者被展示了四个案例 vignette 中的一个。其中两个 vignette 描述了有心理健康问题的人，他们要么在东德经历了平凡的社会化过程（A），要么在东德遭受了不公正对待（B）。除社会人口统计学变量外，还记录了对所描述之人的刻板印象、情绪反应以及社交距离意愿。
年龄、性别以及对东德的主观认知、职业群体和工作环境会影响情绪反应的强度、社交距离意愿以及负面刻板态度的程度。呈现一个涉及SED 不公正经历的案例 vignette 有利于减少正面刻板印象并增加负面刻板印象。回归模型的解释力主要处于中等范围（从 9.7%到 35.3%）。
即使在德国统一三十多年后，有心理健康问题且在东德经历过SED 不公正对待的人，在接受治疗时仍会遭遇污名化态度。污名化态度会影响治疗和护理。
