Identification and functional analysis of genes in 'Zhongshanshan'.

BACKGROUND

Lectin receptor-like protein kinases (LecRLKs) can transform external stimuli into intracellular signals and play important regulatory roles in plant development and response to environmental stressors. However, research on the gene family of conifers has seldom been reported.

METHODS

Putative genes were identified in the transcriptome of 'Zhongshanshan'. The classification, domain structures, subcellular localization prediction, and expression patterns of genes, as well as co-expressed genes, were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Fifteen representative genes were further selected for qRT-PCR analysis in six tissues and under five different environmental stressor conditions.

RESULTS

In total, 297 genes were identified, including 155 G-type, 140 L-type, and 2 C-type. According to the classification, G-type and L-type genes both can be organized into seven groups. The domain architecture of G-type proteins were more complex compared with that of L- and C-type proteins. Conservative motifs were found in G-type and L-type diverse lectin domains. Prediction and transient expression experiments to determine subcellular localization showed that LecRLKs were mainly concentrated in the cell membrane system, and some members were located at multiple sites at the same time. RNA-seq-based transcriptomics analysis suggested functional redundancy and divergence within each group. Unigenes co-expressed with in the transcriptome were found to be enriched in pathways related to signal transduction and environmental adaptation. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis of representative genes showed evidence of functional divergence between different groups.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study to conduct an identification and expression analysis of the gene family in . These results provide a basis for future studies on the evolution and function of this important gene family in .