College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
PLoS One. 2019 Aug 19;14(8):e0221470. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221470. eCollection 2019.
Ceratopteris thalictroides, a model fern, has two kinds of gametophytes with different sex expression: male and hermaphrodite. Hermaphroditic gametophytes have one or several archegonia beneath the growing point and a few antheridia at the base or margin. Male gametophytes show a spoon-like shape with much longer than the width and produce many antheridia at the margin and surface. The results of chlorophyll fluorescence detection showed that the photochemical efficiency of hermaphrodites was higher than that of males. By using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, the differentially abundant proteins in hermaphroditic and male gametophytes were identified. A total of 1136 ± 55 protein spots were detected in Coomassie-stained gels of proteins from hermaphroditic gametophytes, and 1130 ± 65 spots were detected in gels of proteins from male gametophytes. After annotation, 33 spots representing differentially abundant proteins were identified. Among these, proteins involved in photosynthesis and chaperone proteins were over-represented in hermaphrodites, whereas several proteins involved in metabolism were increased in male gametophytes in order to maintain their development under relatively nutritionally deficient conditions. Furthermore, the differentially abundant cytoskeletal proteins detected in this study, such as centrin and actin, may be involved in the formation of sexual organs and are directly related to sex expression. These differentially abundant proteins are important for maintaining the development of gametophytes of different sexes in C. thalictroides.
凤尾蕨是一种模式蕨类植物，具有两种不同性别表现的配子体：雄性和雌雄同体。雌雄同体配子体在生长点下有一个或几个颈卵器，基部或边缘有几个藏精器。雄性配子体呈匙形，长度比宽度长得多，边缘和表面产生许多藏精器。叶绿素荧光检测的结果表明，雌雄同体的光化学效率高于雄性。通过二维电泳和质谱分析，鉴定了雌雄同体和雄性配子体中差异丰度的蛋白质。在雌雄同体配子体蛋白质的考马斯亮蓝染色凝胶中检测到 1136±55 个蛋白点，在雄性配子体蛋白质的凝胶中检测到 1130±65 个蛋白点。经过注释，鉴定出 33 个代表差异丰度蛋白的斑点。其中，参与光合作用和伴侣蛋白的蛋白质在雌雄同体中过度表达，而参与代谢的几种蛋白质在雄性配子体中增加，以维持其在相对营养缺乏条件下的发育。此外，本研究中检测到的差异丰富的细胞骨架蛋白，如中心体蛋白和肌动蛋白，可能参与性器官的形成，与性别表达直接相关。这些差异丰富的蛋白质对于维持凤尾蕨不同性别配子体的发育是重要的。
