Yong Chean Yeah, Ong Hui Kian, Yeap Swee Keong, Ho Kok Lian, Tan Wen Siang
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
Front Microbiol. 2019 Aug 2;10:1781. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01781. eCollection 2019.
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a deadly viral respiratory disease caused by MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. To date, there is no specific treatment proven effective against this viral disease. In addition, no vaccine has been licensed to prevent MERS-CoV infection thus far. Therefore, our current review focuses on the most recent studies in search of an effective MERS vaccine. Overall, vaccine candidates against MERS-CoV are mainly based upon the viral spike (S) protein, due to its vital role in the viral infectivity, although several studies focused on other viral proteins such as the nucleocapsid (N) protein, envelope (E) protein, and non-structural protein 16 (NSP16) have also been reported. In general, the potential vaccine candidates can be classified into six types: viral vector-based vaccine, DNA vaccine, subunit vaccine, nanoparticle-based vaccine, inactivated-whole virus vaccine and live-attenuated vaccine, which are discussed in detail. Besides, the immune responses and potential antibody dependent enhancement of MERS-CoV infection are extensively reviewed. In addition, animal models used to study MERS-CoV and evaluate the vaccine candidates are discussed intensively.
中东呼吸综合征（MERS）是一种由中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）感染引起的致命性病毒性呼吸道疾病。迄今为止，尚无经证实对这种病毒性疾病有效的特异性治疗方法。此外，目前尚无已获许可用于预防MERS-CoV感染的疫苗。因此，我们当前的综述聚焦于寻找有效MERS疫苗的最新研究。总体而言，针对MERS-CoV的候选疫苗主要基于病毒刺突（S）蛋白，因为其在病毒感染性中起着至关重要的作用，不过也有一些研究聚焦于其他病毒蛋白，如核衣壳（N）蛋白、包膜（E）蛋白和非结构蛋白16（NSP16）。一般来说，潜在的候选疫苗可分为六种类型：基于病毒载体的疫苗、DNA疫苗、亚单位疫苗、基于纳米颗粒的疫苗、灭活全病毒疫苗和减毒活疫苗，本文将对其进行详细讨论。此外，还对MERS-CoV感染的免疫反应和潜在的抗体依赖性增强进行了广泛综述。另外，还深入讨论了用于研究MERS-CoV和评估候选疫苗的动物模型。
