Shen Xizi, Shen Xingping
Schools of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Int J Endocrinol. 2019 Jul 24;2019:3424727. doi: 10.1155/2019/3424727. eCollection 2019.
Diabetes mellitus is becoming a global health concern due to its prevalence and projected growth. Despite a growing number of interventions for secondary prevention of diabetes, there is a persistent poor glycemic control and poor adherence to the prescribed diabetes management regimen. In light of the tremendous costs of diabetes to both individuals and the society, it is pressing to find effective ways to improve diabetes self-management (DSM) and treatment adherence. Occupational therapists can bring values to the diabetes care team by evaluating multiple levels of influence on DSM, addressing personal and environmental barriers to well-being and DSM, and supporting patients to develop of a highly complex competences and skills to satisfactorily self-manage diabetes. This article summarizes two evidence-based, well-structured occupational therapy (OT) programs that use activity-based treatments and psychosocial strategies, respectively, to improve DSM abilities and to enhance quality of life. As the needs of adolescents with diabetes are quite different from other diabetic populations, this article also provides a summary of pediatric OT interventions that aim to facilitate autonomy and development of DSM ability among adolescents with diabetes. Evidence indicates that OT interventions can improve the quality of life and treatment adherence in patients with diabetes and hence should be continued and built on to address the increasing needs of diabetic populations.
由于糖尿病的患病率及其预计增长，糖尿病正成为一个全球健康问题。尽管针对糖尿病二级预防的干预措施越来越多，但血糖控制持续不佳，对规定的糖尿病管理方案的依从性也很差。鉴于糖尿病给个人和社会带来的巨大成本，迫切需要找到有效的方法来改善糖尿病自我管理（DSM）和治疗依从性。职业治疗师可以通过评估对DSM的多层次影响、解决影响幸福感和DSM的个人及环境障碍，以及支持患者发展高度复杂的能力和技能以令人满意地自我管理糖尿病，为糖尿病护理团队带来价值。本文总结了两个循证且结构良好的职业治疗（OT）项目，它们分别使用基于活动的治疗和心理社会策略来提高DSM能力并提升生活质量。由于糖尿病青少年的需求与其他糖尿病群体有很大不同，本文还总结了旨在促进糖尿病青少年自主性和DSM能力发展的儿科OT干预措施。有证据表明，OT干预可以改善糖尿病患者的生活质量和治疗依从性，因此应继续并在此基础上进一步发展，以满足糖尿病群体日益增长的需求。
