Endocrinology and Reproduction Unit, Research and Development Laboratories (LID), Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
J Environ Public Health. 2019 Jul 24;2019:6127845. doi: 10.1155/2019/6127845. eCollection 2019.
Anemia affects 1.62 billion people worldwide. Although iron deficiency is the main cause of anemia, several other factors may explain its high prevalence. In this study, we sought to analyze the association between outdoor particulate matter PM levels with anemia prevalence in children aged 6-59 months residing in Lima, Peru ( = 139,368), one of the cities with the worst air pollution in Latin America. The study period was from 2012 to 2016. Anemia was defined according to the World Health Organization (Hb < 11 g/dL). PM values were estimated by a mathematical model that combined data observed from monitors, with satellite and meteorological data. PM was analyzed by quintiles. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations between hemoglobin concentration (beta) and anemia (odds ratio) with PM, after adjusting by covariates. Prevalence of anemia was 39.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 39.3-39.9). Mild anemia was observed in 30.8% of children and moderate/severe in 8.84% of children. Anemic children compared with nonanemic children are mainly males, have low body weight, higher rate of stunting, and live in an environment with high PM concentration. A slight decrease in hemoglobin (4Q B: -0.03, 95% CI: -0.05 to -0.02; 5Q B: -0.04, 95% CI: -0.06 to -0.01) and an increase in the probability of moderate/severe anemia (4Q OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10-1.27; 5Q OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08-1.29) were observed with increased exposure to PM. We conclude that outdoor PM levels were significantly associated with decreased hemoglobin values and an increase in prevalence of moderate/severe anemia in children under 5 years old.
贫血影响全球 16.2 亿人。虽然缺铁是贫血的主要原因，但其他一些因素也可能解释其高患病率。在这项研究中，我们试图分析秘鲁利马（ = 139368）6-59 个月儿童户外颗粒物 PM 水平与贫血患病率之间的关联，利马是拉丁美洲空气污染最严重的城市之一。研究期间为 2012 年至 2016 年。贫血根据世界卫生组织（Hb < 11 g/dL）定义。PM 值通过将从监测器观察到的数据与卫星和气象数据相结合的数学模型进行估算。PM 按五分位数进行分析。使用多元线性和逻辑回归来估计血红蛋白浓度（β）和贫血（比值比）与 PM 之间的关联，在调整协变量后。贫血患病率为 39.6%（95%置信区间（CI）：39.3-39.9）。30.8%的儿童患有轻度贫血，8.84%的儿童患有中度/重度贫血。与非贫血儿童相比，贫血儿童主要为男性，体重较低，发育迟缓率较高，生活在 PM 浓度较高的环境中。血红蛋白略有下降（4Q B：-0.03，95%CI：-0.05 至-0.02；5Q B：-0.04，95%CI：-0.06 至-0.01），中度/重度贫血的概率增加（4Q OR：1.18，95%CI：1.10-1.27；5Q OR：1.18，95%CI：1.08-1.29）随着 PM 暴露的增加而观察到。我们得出结论，户外 PM 水平与 5 岁以下儿童血红蛋白值降低和中度/重度贫血患病率增加显著相关。
