Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic.
Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic.
BMC Vet Res. 2019 Aug 20;15(1):302. doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-2050-2.
Parallel in vitro and in vivo experiments were designed to evaluate promising chemotherapeutic alternatives for controlling haemonchosis in ruminants. In vitro anthelmintic activities (egg hatch test - EHT; larval development test - LDT) of aqueous and methanolic herbal extracts Mix1 and Mix2 were investigated. The in vivo effects of dietary supplementation with Mix1 and Mix2 on the parasitological status, inflammatory response, antioxidant parameters and microbial community of the lambs infected experimentally with Haemonchus contortus were investigated. Lambs were divided into four groups for the in vivo study: uninfected control lambs (C), infected lambs (I), infected lambs supplemented with Mix1 (I + Mix1) and infected lambs supplemented with Mix2 (I + Mix2). The experimental period was 70 days.
The number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was quantified 22, 30, 37, 44, 51, 58, 65 and 70 days post-infection, and mean abomasal worm counts were assessed 70 days post-infection. Quantitative analyses identified 57.3 and 22.2 mg/g phenolic acids, 41.5 and 29.5 mg/g flavonoids and 1.4 and 1.33 mg/g protoberberine-type alkaloids in Mix1 and Mix2, respectively. The methanolic extracts of the herbal mixtures in both in vitro tests had higher anthelmintic effects (P < 0.01) than the aqueous extracts, but the effects did not differ significantly between Mix1 and Mix2 (P > 0.05). I + Mix1 and I + Mix2 lowered mean EPGs between 44 and 70 d by 58.1 and 51.6%, respectively. The level of IgG antibodies against H. contortus increased significantly after infection in each infected group.
These results represent the first monitoring of the in vitro anthelmintic effects of herbal mixtures on H. contortus. The in vivo experiment indicated that the anthelmintic effect was not sufficient for the elimination of parasites, but this herbal treatment may affect the host over a longer term, reducing the parasitic infection in the host.
设计了平行的体外和体内实验来评估有前途的化疗替代品，以控制反刍动物的血矛线虫病。研究了水提和甲醇提草药混合物 Mix1 和 Mix2 的体外驱虫活性（卵孵化试验-EHT；幼虫发育试验-LDT）。研究了日粮补充 Mix1 和 Mix2 对感染 Haemonchus contortus 的羔羊寄生虫状况、炎症反应、抗氧化参数和微生物群落的体内影响。羔羊被分为四组进行体内研究：未感染对照羔羊（C）、感染羔羊（I）、感染羔羊补充 Mix1（I+Mix1）和感染羔羊补充 Mix2（I+Mix2）。实验期为 70 天。
感染后第 22、30、37、44、51、58、65 和 70 天定量检测粪便中的每克卵数（EPG），感染后第 70 天定量检测皱胃蠕虫数。定量分析确定 Mix1 和 Mix2 中分别含有 57.3 和 22.2mg/g 酚酸、41.5 和 29.5mg/g 类黄酮以及 1.4 和 1.33mg/g 原小檗碱型生物碱。在体外试验中，草药混合物的甲醇提取物比水提物具有更高的驱虫效果（P<0.01），但 Mix1 和 Mix2 之间的效果没有显著差异（P>0.05）。I+Mix1 和 I+Mix2 在 44 至 70 天之间使平均 EPG 降低了 58.1%和 51.6%。每个感染组在感染后 IgG 抗体对 H. contortus 的水平显著增加。
这些结果代表了首次监测草药混合物对 H. contortus 的体外驱虫效果。体内实验表明，驱虫效果不足以消除寄生虫，但这种草药治疗可能会在更长时间内影响宿主，减少宿主的寄生虫感染。
